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Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata.
BMC Evol Biol. 2019 11 13; 19(1):209.BE

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Various apolipoproteins widely distributed among vertebrata play key roles in lipid metabolism and have a direct correlation with human diseases as diagnostic markers. However, the evolutionary progress of apolipoproteins in species remains unclear. Nine human apolipoproteins and well-annotated genome data of 30 species were used to identify 210 apolipoprotein family members distributed among species from fish to humans. Our study focused on the evolution of nine exchangeable apolipoproteins (ApoA-I/II/IV/V, ApoC-I~IV and ApoE) from Chondrichthyes, Holostei, Teleostei, Amphibia, Sauria (including Aves), Prototheria, Marsupialia and Eutheria.

RESULTS

In this study, we reported the overall distribution and the frequent gain and loss evolutionary events of apolipoprotein family members in vertebrata. Phylogenetic trees of orthologous apolipoproteins indicated evident divergence between species evolution and apolipoprotein phylogeny. Successive gain and loss events were found by evaluating the presence and absence of apolipoproteins in the context of species evolution. For example, only ApoA-I and ApoA-IV occurred in cartilaginous fish as ancient apolipoproteins. ApoA-II, ApoE, and ApoC-I/ApoC-II were found in Holostei, Coelacanthiformes, and Teleostei, respectively, but the latter three apolipoproteins were absent from Aves. ApoC-I was also absent from Cetartiodactyla. The apolipoprotein ApoC-III emerged in terrestrial animals, and ApoC-IV first arose in Eutheria. The results indicate that the order of the emergence of apolipoproteins is most likely ApoA-I/ApoA-IV, ApoE, ApoA-II, ApoC-I/ApoC-II, ApoA-V, ApoC-III, and ApoC-IV.

CONCLUSIONS

This study reveals not only the phylogeny of apolipoprotein family members in species from Chondrichthyes to Eutheria but also the occurrence and origin of new apolipoproteins. The broad perspective of gain and loss events and the evolutionary scenario of apolipoproteins across vertebrata provide a significant reference for the research of apolipoprotein function and related diseases.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Liu JQ
School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Li WX
Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
Zheng JJ
Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
Tian QN
School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. tianqn@zzu.edu.cn.
Huang JF
Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. huangjf@mail.kiz.ac.cn.
Dai SX
Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. daishx08@gmail.com.

MeSH

AnimalsApolipoproteinsCodonEvolution, MolecularGene DeletionGene DuplicationHumansPhylogenyRNA, MessengerVertebrates

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31722659

Citation

Liu, Jia-Qian, et al. "Gain and Loss Events in the Evolution of the Apolipoprotein Family in Vertebrata." BMC Evolutionary Biology, vol. 19, no. 1, 2019, p. 209.
Liu JQ, Li WX, Zheng JJ, et al. Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata. BMC Evol Biol. 2019;19(1):209.
Liu, J. Q., Li, W. X., Zheng, J. J., Tian, Q. N., Huang, J. F., & Dai, S. X. (2019). Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 19(1), 209. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1519-8
Liu JQ, et al. Gain and Loss Events in the Evolution of the Apolipoprotein Family in Vertebrata. BMC Evol Biol. 2019 11 13;19(1):209. PubMed PMID: 31722659.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Gain and loss events in the evolution of the apolipoprotein family in vertebrata. AU - Liu,Jia-Qian, AU - Li,Wen-Xing, AU - Zheng,Jun-Juan, AU - Tian,Qing-Nan, AU - Huang,Jing-Fei, AU - Dai,Shao-Xing, Y1 - 2019/11/13/ PY - 2018/09/02/received PY - 2019/09/26/accepted PY - 2019/11/15/entrez PY - 2019/11/15/pubmed PY - 2020/2/1/medline KW - Apolipoprotein KW - Divergence KW - Gain and loss events KW - Phylogenesis KW - Vertebrata SP - 209 EP - 209 JF - BMC evolutionary biology JO - BMC Evol Biol VL - 19 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Various apolipoproteins widely distributed among vertebrata play key roles in lipid metabolism and have a direct correlation with human diseases as diagnostic markers. However, the evolutionary progress of apolipoproteins in species remains unclear. Nine human apolipoproteins and well-annotated genome data of 30 species were used to identify 210 apolipoprotein family members distributed among species from fish to humans. Our study focused on the evolution of nine exchangeable apolipoproteins (ApoA-I/II/IV/V, ApoC-I~IV and ApoE) from Chondrichthyes, Holostei, Teleostei, Amphibia, Sauria (including Aves), Prototheria, Marsupialia and Eutheria. RESULTS: In this study, we reported the overall distribution and the frequent gain and loss evolutionary events of apolipoprotein family members in vertebrata. Phylogenetic trees of orthologous apolipoproteins indicated evident divergence between species evolution and apolipoprotein phylogeny. Successive gain and loss events were found by evaluating the presence and absence of apolipoproteins in the context of species evolution. For example, only ApoA-I and ApoA-IV occurred in cartilaginous fish as ancient apolipoproteins. ApoA-II, ApoE, and ApoC-I/ApoC-II were found in Holostei, Coelacanthiformes, and Teleostei, respectively, but the latter three apolipoproteins were absent from Aves. ApoC-I was also absent from Cetartiodactyla. The apolipoprotein ApoC-III emerged in terrestrial animals, and ApoC-IV first arose in Eutheria. The results indicate that the order of the emergence of apolipoproteins is most likely ApoA-I/ApoA-IV, ApoE, ApoA-II, ApoC-I/ApoC-II, ApoA-V, ApoC-III, and ApoC-IV. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals not only the phylogeny of apolipoprotein family members in species from Chondrichthyes to Eutheria but also the occurrence and origin of new apolipoproteins. The broad perspective of gain and loss events and the evolutionary scenario of apolipoproteins across vertebrata provide a significant reference for the research of apolipoprotein function and related diseases. SN - 1471-2148 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31722659/Gain_and_loss_events_in_the_evolution_of_the_apolipoprotein_family_in_vertebrata_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -