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E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping: A Survey among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers, Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 11 22; 16(23)IJ

Abstract

Appealing product characteristics, such as flavors, may stimulate e-cigarette use. While switching to e-cigarettes may reduce harm for smokers, concerns exist about e-cigarette use among never-smokers. The role of flavors in the decision to switch to or refrain from vaping is unclear. This study used a bottom-up approach to investigate the relation between flavor preferences and individual factors related to vaping between various user groups. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among never-users (n = 407), smokers (n = 138), dual users (n = 122), and exclusive vapers (n = 61) in the Netherlands. Demographics, attractiveness of product characteristics, flavor preferences, and individual factors related to vaping (knowledge, trust, perceived susceptibility, attitude, social influence, deliberation, and intention) were assessed. The availability of different flavors was the most attractive characteristic of e-cigarettes. Dual users and exclusive vapers had most often used tobacco and menthol/mint flavors when they first started vaping. Compared to dual users, exclusive vapers currently used more fruit and sweet flavors. Never-users who were interested in trying an e-liquid flavor had more knowledge about and a more positive attitude towards e-cigarettes. Smokers who were interested in trying a flavor had a more positive attitude towards e-cigarettes and experienced the social influence towards not using e-cigarettes as less strong than those who did not want to try any flavor. Hence, individual factors related to vaping differed depending on whether never-users and smokers wanted to try an e-liquid flavor. This means that flavors may moderate differences found in individual factors related to vaping, or vice versa.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Romijnders KA
Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Department of Health Promotion, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Krüsemann EJ
Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Boesveldt S
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Graaf K
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Vries H
Department of Health Promotion, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Talhout R
Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

MeSH

AdultAttitudeCross-Sectional StudiesElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsEthnicityFemaleFlavoring AgentsHumansIntentionMaleNetherlandsSmokersSurveys and QuestionnairesTasteTobacco ProductsVaping

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31766776

Citation

Romijnders, Kim Agj, et al. "E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping: a Survey Among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers, Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 16, no. 23, 2019.
Romijnders KA, Krüsemann EJ, Boesveldt S, et al. E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping: A Survey among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers, Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(23).
Romijnders, K. A., Krüsemann, E. J., Boesveldt, S., Graaf, K., Vries, H., & Talhout, R. (2019). E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping: A Survey among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers, Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234661
Romijnders KA, et al. E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping: a Survey Among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers, Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 11 22;16(23) PubMed PMID: 31766776.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - E-Liquid Flavor Preferences and Individual Factors Related to Vaping: A Survey among Dutch Never-Users, Smokers, Dual Users, and Exclusive Vapers. AU - Romijnders,Kim Agj, AU - Krüsemann,Erna Jz, AU - Boesveldt,Sanne, AU - Graaf,Kees de, AU - Vries,Hein de, AU - Talhout,Reinskje, Y1 - 2019/11/22/ PY - 2019/09/18/received PY - 2019/11/19/revised PY - 2019/11/20/accepted PY - 2019/11/27/entrez PY - 2019/11/27/pubmed PY - 2020/4/11/medline KW - attitude KW - deliberation KW - electronic cigarettes KW - flavors KW - knowledge KW - perceived susceptibility KW - preference KW - smoking KW - vaping JF - International journal of environmental research and public health JO - Int J Environ Res Public Health VL - 16 IS - 23 N2 - Appealing product characteristics, such as flavors, may stimulate e-cigarette use. While switching to e-cigarettes may reduce harm for smokers, concerns exist about e-cigarette use among never-smokers. The role of flavors in the decision to switch to or refrain from vaping is unclear. This study used a bottom-up approach to investigate the relation between flavor preferences and individual factors related to vaping between various user groups. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among never-users (n = 407), smokers (n = 138), dual users (n = 122), and exclusive vapers (n = 61) in the Netherlands. Demographics, attractiveness of product characteristics, flavor preferences, and individual factors related to vaping (knowledge, trust, perceived susceptibility, attitude, social influence, deliberation, and intention) were assessed. The availability of different flavors was the most attractive characteristic of e-cigarettes. Dual users and exclusive vapers had most often used tobacco and menthol/mint flavors when they first started vaping. Compared to dual users, exclusive vapers currently used more fruit and sweet flavors. Never-users who were interested in trying an e-liquid flavor had more knowledge about and a more positive attitude towards e-cigarettes. Smokers who were interested in trying a flavor had a more positive attitude towards e-cigarettes and experienced the social influence towards not using e-cigarettes as less strong than those who did not want to try any flavor. Hence, individual factors related to vaping differed depending on whether never-users and smokers wanted to try an e-liquid flavor. This means that flavors may moderate differences found in individual factors related to vaping, or vice versa. SN - 1660-4601 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31766776/E_Liquid_Flavor_Preferences_and_Individual_Factors_Related_to_Vaping:_A_Survey_among_Dutch_Never_Users_Smokers_Dual_Users_and_Exclusive_Vapers_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -