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Prevalence of hearing impairment among primary school children in the Kilimanjaro region within Tanzania.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Mar; 130:109797.IJ

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Hearing impairment is becoming a public health concern and a widespread problem. The World Health Organization estimates that globally there are about 466 million people with hearing impairment, of which 34 million represent children. We examined the prevalence and etiology of hearing impairment among primary school children in the Kilimanjaro region within Tanzania.

METHOD

A cross-sectional study of primary school children aged 6-17 was conducted to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment. Tanzanian primary school children were screened for hearing loss and an otoscopy was performed on those who failed the screening.

RESULTS

There were 403 children screened from three schools in rural areas of Tanzania. The prevalence of hearing loss was found to be 7.1%, 10.8% and 16.7% in the different schools. Cerumen was proven to be the most common possible cause of hearing impairment. Other possible causes of hearing impairment were found to be (in descending order) otitis (all types), no abnormalities, and perforation of the tympanic membrane.

CONCLUSIONS

These results show a need for better identification of hearing impairment in school-going children and implementation of prevention and treatment options in Tanzania and other developing countries. This can further improve children's potential for language development, communication and academic achievement.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Iselin Ertzgaard S
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Tungasletta 2, 7047, Trondheim, Norway.
Kristin N
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Tungasletta 2, 7047, Trondheim, Norway.
Sofie T
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Tungasletta 2, 7047, Trondheim, Norway.
Giske Sindberg H
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Tungasletta 2, 7047, Trondheim, Norway.
Tobias Bang H
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Tungasletta 2, 7047, Trondheim, Norway.
Cosmas M
Open University of Tanzania, Department of Psychology and Special Education, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
Tron Vedul T
SINTEF Digital, Connectivity Technologies and Platforms, Strindvegen 4, 7034, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: tronvedul.tronstad@sintef.no.
Aslam N
Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
Jon Ø
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Tungasletta 2, 7047, Trondheim, Norway; SINTEF Digital, Connectivity Technologies and Platforms, Strindvegen 4, 7034, Trondheim, Norway.

MeSH

AdolescentCerumenChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesDeveloping CountriesFemaleHearing LossHumansMaleOtoscopyPrevalenceSchoolsTanzania

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31816514

Citation

Iselin Ertzgaard, Solvang, et al. "Prevalence of Hearing Impairment Among Primary School Children in the Kilimanjaro Region Within Tanzania." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, vol. 130, 2020, p. 109797.
Iselin Ertzgaard S, Kristin N, Sofie T, et al. Prevalence of hearing impairment among primary school children in the Kilimanjaro region within Tanzania. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;130:109797.
Iselin Ertzgaard, S., Kristin, N., Sofie, T., Giske Sindberg, H., Tobias Bang, H., Cosmas, M., Tron Vedul, T., Aslam, N., & Jon, Ø. (2020). Prevalence of hearing impairment among primary school children in the Kilimanjaro region within Tanzania. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 130, 109797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109797
Iselin Ertzgaard S, et al. Prevalence of Hearing Impairment Among Primary School Children in the Kilimanjaro Region Within Tanzania. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;130:109797. PubMed PMID: 31816514.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of hearing impairment among primary school children in the Kilimanjaro region within Tanzania. AU - Iselin Ertzgaard,Solvang, AU - Kristin,Naalsund, AU - Sofie,Tønder, AU - Giske Sindberg,Hansen, AU - Tobias Bang,Hagan, AU - Cosmas,Mnyanyi, AU - Tron Vedul,Tronstad, AU - Aslam,Nkya, AU - Jon,Øygarden, Y1 - 2019/12/02/ PY - 2019/08/21/received PY - 2019/11/22/revised PY - 2019/11/22/accepted PY - 2019/12/10/pubmed PY - 2020/9/17/medline PY - 2019/12/10/entrez KW - Hearing impairment KW - Prevalence KW - Pure tone audiometry KW - Screening SP - 109797 EP - 109797 JF - International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology JO - Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol VL - 130 N2 - INTRODUCTION: Hearing impairment is becoming a public health concern and a widespread problem. The World Health Organization estimates that globally there are about 466 million people with hearing impairment, of which 34 million represent children. We examined the prevalence and etiology of hearing impairment among primary school children in the Kilimanjaro region within Tanzania. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of primary school children aged 6-17 was conducted to determine the prevalence of hearing impairment. Tanzanian primary school children were screened for hearing loss and an otoscopy was performed on those who failed the screening. RESULTS: There were 403 children screened from three schools in rural areas of Tanzania. The prevalence of hearing loss was found to be 7.1%, 10.8% and 16.7% in the different schools. Cerumen was proven to be the most common possible cause of hearing impairment. Other possible causes of hearing impairment were found to be (in descending order) otitis (all types), no abnormalities, and perforation of the tympanic membrane. CONCLUSIONS: These results show a need for better identification of hearing impairment in school-going children and implementation of prevention and treatment options in Tanzania and other developing countries. This can further improve children's potential for language development, communication and academic achievement. SN - 1872-8464 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31816514/Prevalence_of_hearing_impairment_among_primary_school_children_in_the_Kilimanjaro_region_within_Tanzania_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165-5876(19)30550-6 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -