TY - JOUR T1 - Explicit memory and cognition in monkeys. AU - Hampton,Robert R, AU - Engelberg,Jonathan W M, AU - Brady,Ryan J, Y1 - 2020/01/07/ PY - 2019/08/25/received PY - 2019/12/16/revised PY - 2019/12/22/accepted PY - 2020/1/10/pubmed PY - 2020/11/24/medline PY - 2020/1/10/entrez KW - Implicit KW - Memory monitoring KW - Memory systems KW - Metacognition KW - Monkey KW - Primate KW - Tulving SP - 107326 EP - 107326 JF - Neuropsychologia JO - Neuropsychologia VL - 138 N2 - Taxonomies of human memory, influenced heavily by Endel Tulving, make a fundamental distinction between explicit and implicit memory. Humans are aware of explicit memories, whereas implicit memories control behavior even though we are not aware of them. Efforts to understand the evolution of memory, and to use nonhuman animals to model human memory, will be facilitated by better understanding the extent to which this critical distinction exists in nonhuman animals. Work with metacognition paradigms in the past 20 years has produced a strong case for the existence of explicit memory in nonhuman primates and possibly other nonhuman animals. Clear dissociations of explicit and implicit memory by metacognition have yet to be demonstrated in nonhumans, although dissociations between memory systems by other behavioral techniques, and by brain manipulations, suggest that the explicit-implicit distinction applies to nonhumans. Neurobehavioral studies of metamemory are beginning to identify neural substrates for memory monitoring in the frontal cortex of monkeys. We have strong evidence that at least some memory systems are explicit in rhesus monkeys, but we need to learn more about the distribution of explicit processes across cognitive systems within monkeys, and across species. SN - 1873-3514 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31917205/Explicit_memory_and_cognition_in_monkeys_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -