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Interactive effects of roxithromycin and freshwater microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Toxicity and removal mechanism.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Mar 15; 191:110156.EE

Abstract

Roxithromycin (ROX) has received increasing concern due to its large usage, ubiquitous detection in environment and high ecotoxicology risk. This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of ROX on the growth, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes, and malonaldehyde (MDA) content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, as well as the removal mechanism of ROX during microalgae cultivation. The calculated 96 h median effective concentration of ROX on yield (EyC50) and specific growth rate (ErC50) of C. pyrenoidosa was 0.81 and 2.87 mg/L, respectively. After 96 h exposure, 1.0 ~ 2.0 mg/L of ROX significantly inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll and promoted the activities of SOD and CAT (p < 0.05). The MDA content increased with the ROX concentration increasing from 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/L, and then decreased to 105.76% of the control exposure to 2.0 mg/L ROX, demonstrating the oxidative damage could be moderated by the upregulation of SOD and CAT activities. During the 21 d chronic exposure, low concentration of ROX (0.1 and 0.25 mg/L) showed no significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll content of algae during the first 14 d, but significantly inhibited the growth of algae and the synthesis of chlorophyll at 21 d (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). 1.0 mg/L ROX significantly inhibited the growth of microalgae during 3 ~ 21 d and the synthesis of chlorophyll at 7 ~ 21 d. High concentration and long-term exposure of low concentration of ROX caused the SOD and CAT activities and MDA content to increase, demonstrating a higher level of oxidative damage of microalgae. During the first 14 d, abiotic removal of ROX played a more important role, contributing about 12.21% ~ 21.37% of ROX removal. After 14 d, the biodegradation of ROX by C. pyrenoidosa gradually became a more important removal mechanism, contributing about 45.99% ~ 53.30% of ROX removal at 21 d. Bio-adsorption and bioaccumulation both played minor roles in the removal of ROX during algae cultivation.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Li J
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
Min Z
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
Li W
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: uwliwei@163.com.
Xu L
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
Han J
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
Li P
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address: ppli@njfu.edu.cn.

MeSH

Biodegradation, EnvironmentalChlorellaChlorophyllEcotoxicologyFresh WaterMalondialdehydeMicroalgaeRoxithromycinWater Pollutants, Chemical

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31958625

Citation

Li, Jiping, et al. "Interactive Effects of Roxithromycin and Freshwater Microalgae, Chlorella Pyrenoidosa: Toxicity and Removal Mechanism." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 191, 2020, p. 110156.
Li J, Min Z, Li W, et al. Interactive effects of roxithromycin and freshwater microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Toxicity and removal mechanism. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020;191:110156.
Li, J., Min, Z., Li, W., Xu, L., Han, J., & Li, P. (2020). Interactive effects of roxithromycin and freshwater microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Toxicity and removal mechanism. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 191, 110156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110156
Li J, et al. Interactive Effects of Roxithromycin and Freshwater Microalgae, Chlorella Pyrenoidosa: Toxicity and Removal Mechanism. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Mar 15;191:110156. PubMed PMID: 31958625.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Interactive effects of roxithromycin and freshwater microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Toxicity and removal mechanism. AU - Li,Jiping, AU - Min,Zhongfang, AU - Li,Wei, AU - Xu,Lijie, AU - Han,Jiangang, AU - Li,Pingping, Y1 - 2020/01/17/ PY - 2019/08/13/received PY - 2019/12/30/revised PY - 2019/12/31/accepted PY - 2020/1/21/pubmed PY - 2020/4/25/medline PY - 2020/1/21/entrez KW - Algae KW - Antibiotics KW - Ecotoxicity KW - Removal mechanism KW - Roxithromycin SP - 110156 EP - 110156 JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety JO - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf VL - 191 N2 - Roxithromycin (ROX) has received increasing concern due to its large usage, ubiquitous detection in environment and high ecotoxicology risk. This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of ROX on the growth, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes, and malonaldehyde (MDA) content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, as well as the removal mechanism of ROX during microalgae cultivation. The calculated 96 h median effective concentration of ROX on yield (EyC50) and specific growth rate (ErC50) of C. pyrenoidosa was 0.81 and 2.87 mg/L, respectively. After 96 h exposure, 1.0 ~ 2.0 mg/L of ROX significantly inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll and promoted the activities of SOD and CAT (p < 0.05). The MDA content increased with the ROX concentration increasing from 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/L, and then decreased to 105.76% of the control exposure to 2.0 mg/L ROX, demonstrating the oxidative damage could be moderated by the upregulation of SOD and CAT activities. During the 21 d chronic exposure, low concentration of ROX (0.1 and 0.25 mg/L) showed no significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll content of algae during the first 14 d, but significantly inhibited the growth of algae and the synthesis of chlorophyll at 21 d (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). 1.0 mg/L ROX significantly inhibited the growth of microalgae during 3 ~ 21 d and the synthesis of chlorophyll at 7 ~ 21 d. High concentration and long-term exposure of low concentration of ROX caused the SOD and CAT activities and MDA content to increase, demonstrating a higher level of oxidative damage of microalgae. During the first 14 d, abiotic removal of ROX played a more important role, contributing about 12.21% ~ 21.37% of ROX removal. After 14 d, the biodegradation of ROX by C. pyrenoidosa gradually became a more important removal mechanism, contributing about 45.99% ~ 53.30% of ROX removal at 21 d. Bio-adsorption and bioaccumulation both played minor roles in the removal of ROX during algae cultivation. SN - 1090-2414 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31958625/Interactive_effects_of_roxithromycin_and_freshwater_microalgae_Chlorella_pyrenoidosa:_Toxicity_and_removal_mechanism_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -