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Neurosensory and Sinus Evolution as Tyrannosauroid Dinosaurs Developed Giant Size: Insight from the Endocranial Anatomy of Bistahieversor sealeyi.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2020 04; 303(4):1043-1059.AR

Abstract

Tyrannosaurus rex and other tyrannosaurid dinosaurs were apex predators during the latest Cretaceous, which combined giant size and advanced neurosensory systems. Computed tomography (CT) data have shown that tyrannosaurids had a trademark system of a large brain, large olfactory bulbs, elongate cochlear ducts, and expansive endocranial sinuses surrounding the brain and sense organs. Older, smaller tyrannosauroid relatives of tyrannosaurids developed some, but not all, of these features, raising the hypothesis that tyrannosaurid-style brains evolved before the enlarged tyrannosaurid-style sinuses, which might have developed only with large body size. This has been difficult to test, however, because little is known about the brains and sinuses of the first large-bodied tyrannosauroids, which evolved prior to Tyrannosauridae. We here present the first CT data for one of these species, Bistahieversor sealeyi from New Mexico. Bistahieversor had a nearly identical brain and sinus system as tyrannosaurids like Tyrannosaurus, including a large brain, large olfactory bulbs, reduced cerebral hemispheres, and optic lobes, a small tab-like flocculus, long and straight cochlear ducts, and voluminous sinuses that include a supraocciptal recess, subcondyar sinus, and an anterior tympanic recess that exits the braincase via a prootic fossa. When characters are plotted onto tyrannosauroid phylogeny, there is a two-stage sequence in which features of the tyrannosaurid-style brain evolved first (in smaller, nontyrannosaurid species like Timurlengia), followed by features of the tyrannosaurid-style sinuses (in the first large-bodied nontyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids like Bistahieversor). This suggests that the signature tyrannosaurid sinus system evolved in concert with large size, whereas the brain did not. Anat Rec, 303:1043-1059, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

McKeown M
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
Brusatte SL
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
Williamson TE
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Schwab JA
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
Carr TD
Department of Biology, Carthage College, Kenosha, Wisconsin.
Butler IB
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
Muir A
School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
Schroeder K
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Espy MA
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Hunter JF
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Losko AS
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. Research Neutron Source FRM II, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Nelson RO
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Gautier DC
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Vogel SC
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.

MeSH

AnimalsBiological EvolutionBody SizeDinosaursFossilsPhylogenySkull

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31967416

Citation

McKeown, Matthew, et al. "Neurosensory and Sinus Evolution as Tyrannosauroid Dinosaurs Developed Giant Size: Insight From the Endocranial Anatomy of Bistahieversor Sealeyi." Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), vol. 303, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1043-1059.
McKeown M, Brusatte SL, Williamson TE, et al. Neurosensory and Sinus Evolution as Tyrannosauroid Dinosaurs Developed Giant Size: Insight from the Endocranial Anatomy of Bistahieversor sealeyi. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2020;303(4):1043-1059.
McKeown, M., Brusatte, S. L., Williamson, T. E., Schwab, J. A., Carr, T. D., Butler, I. B., Muir, A., Schroeder, K., Espy, M. A., Hunter, J. F., Losko, A. S., Nelson, R. O., Gautier, D. C., & Vogel, S. C. (2020). Neurosensory and Sinus Evolution as Tyrannosauroid Dinosaurs Developed Giant Size: Insight from the Endocranial Anatomy of Bistahieversor sealeyi. Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 303(4), 1043-1059. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24374
McKeown M, et al. Neurosensory and Sinus Evolution as Tyrannosauroid Dinosaurs Developed Giant Size: Insight From the Endocranial Anatomy of Bistahieversor Sealeyi. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2020;303(4):1043-1059. PubMed PMID: 31967416.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Neurosensory and Sinus Evolution as Tyrannosauroid Dinosaurs Developed Giant Size: Insight from the Endocranial Anatomy of Bistahieversor sealeyi. AU - McKeown,Matthew, AU - Brusatte,Stephen L, AU - Williamson,Thomas E, AU - Schwab,Julia A, AU - Carr,Thomas D, AU - Butler,Ian B, AU - Muir,Amy, AU - Schroeder,Katlin, AU - Espy,Michelle A, AU - Hunter,James F, AU - Losko,Adrian S, AU - Nelson,Ronald O, AU - Gautier,D Cort, AU - Vogel,Sven C, Y1 - 2020/01/22/ PY - 2019/12/13/received PY - 2020/01/09/revised PY - 2020/01/09/accepted PY - 2020/1/23/pubmed PY - 2021/2/9/medline PY - 2020/1/23/entrez KW - Bistahieversor sealeyi KW - Tyrannosaurus rex KW - CT scanning KW - dinosaur KW - neuroanatomy KW - sensory evolution KW - tyrannosaur SP - 1043 EP - 1059 JF - Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) JO - Anat Rec (Hoboken) VL - 303 IS - 4 N2 - Tyrannosaurus rex and other tyrannosaurid dinosaurs were apex predators during the latest Cretaceous, which combined giant size and advanced neurosensory systems. Computed tomography (CT) data have shown that tyrannosaurids had a trademark system of a large brain, large olfactory bulbs, elongate cochlear ducts, and expansive endocranial sinuses surrounding the brain and sense organs. Older, smaller tyrannosauroid relatives of tyrannosaurids developed some, but not all, of these features, raising the hypothesis that tyrannosaurid-style brains evolved before the enlarged tyrannosaurid-style sinuses, which might have developed only with large body size. This has been difficult to test, however, because little is known about the brains and sinuses of the first large-bodied tyrannosauroids, which evolved prior to Tyrannosauridae. We here present the first CT data for one of these species, Bistahieversor sealeyi from New Mexico. Bistahieversor had a nearly identical brain and sinus system as tyrannosaurids like Tyrannosaurus, including a large brain, large olfactory bulbs, reduced cerebral hemispheres, and optic lobes, a small tab-like flocculus, long and straight cochlear ducts, and voluminous sinuses that include a supraocciptal recess, subcondyar sinus, and an anterior tympanic recess that exits the braincase via a prootic fossa. When characters are plotted onto tyrannosauroid phylogeny, there is a two-stage sequence in which features of the tyrannosaurid-style brain evolved first (in smaller, nontyrannosaurid species like Timurlengia), followed by features of the tyrannosaurid-style sinuses (in the first large-bodied nontyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids like Bistahieversor). This suggests that the signature tyrannosaurid sinus system evolved in concert with large size, whereas the brain did not. Anat Rec, 303:1043-1059, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy. SN - 1932-8494 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/31967416/Neurosensory_and_Sinus_Evolution_as_Tyrannosauroid_Dinosaurs_Developed_Giant_Size:_Insight_from_the_Endocranial_Anatomy_of_Bistahieversor_sealeyi_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -