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Formation, speciation and toxicity of CX3R-type disinfection by-products (DBPs) from chlor(am)ination of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB).
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Mar 15; 191:110247.EE

Abstract

2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB), a newly identified algal toxins in water, pose a great threat to human health. DAB may react with chlorine or chloramine to produce CX3R-type disinfection by-products (DBPs) during water treatment processes. This study mainly investigated the formation and speciation of DBPs from chlor(am)ination of DAB. The results revealed that haloacetic acids (HAAs), trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) were the main kinds of CX3R-type DBPs generated from DAB during chlor(am)ination, of which dichloroacetic acid yielded the highest. The formation and total toxicity of four CX3R-type DBPs from DAB during chloramination was significantly lower than that during chlorination at each Cl2:N molar ratio. However, more formation of Br-THMs and I-THMs were observed during chloramination in the presence of Br-/I-. Futhermore, the effects of chlor(am)ine dosage, solution pH, reaction time, and the concentration of Br- and I- on the formation and speciation of CX3R-type DBPs were also evaluated during chlor(am)ination. The plausible formation pathways of CX3R-type DBPs from DAB were proposed and verified by theoretical calculation. The quantum chemistry calculations indicate that 1N in DAB and 8N in 2,4-diaminochlorobutyric acid (C4H9O2N2Cl) were more likely to be attacked by electrophiles, supporting the proposed pathway schemes.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Luo X
Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
Zhu S
Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China. Electronic address: zshuminwater@163.com.
Wang J
Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
Sun J
Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
Bu L
Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China.
Zhou S
Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China. Electronic address: shiqingzhouwater@163.com.

MeSH

AminobutyratesChloraminesChlorineDisinfectantsDisinfectionHalogenationTrihalomethanesWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater Purification

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32004943

Citation

Luo, Xiaofang, et al. "Formation, Speciation and Toxicity of CX3R-type Disinfection By-products (DBPs) From Chlor(am)ination of 2,4-diaminobutyric Acid (DAB)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 191, 2020, p. 110247.
Luo X, Zhu S, Wang J, et al. Formation, speciation and toxicity of CX3R-type disinfection by-products (DBPs) from chlor(am)ination of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020;191:110247.
Luo, X., Zhu, S., Wang, J., Sun, J., Bu, L., & Zhou, S. (2020). Formation, speciation and toxicity of CX3R-type disinfection by-products (DBPs) from chlor(am)ination of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 191, 110247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110247
Luo X, et al. Formation, Speciation and Toxicity of CX3R-type Disinfection By-products (DBPs) From Chlor(am)ination of 2,4-diaminobutyric Acid (DAB). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Mar 15;191:110247. PubMed PMID: 32004943.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Formation, speciation and toxicity of CX3R-type disinfection by-products (DBPs) from chlor(am)ination of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB). AU - Luo,Xiaofang, AU - Zhu,Shumin, AU - Wang,Jue, AU - Sun,Julong, AU - Bu,Lingjun, AU - Zhou,Shiqing, Y1 - 2020/01/28/ PY - 2019/12/05/received PY - 2020/01/19/revised PY - 2020/01/22/accepted PY - 2020/2/1/pubmed PY - 2020/5/6/medline PY - 2020/2/1/entrez KW - Algal toxins KW - Chlor(am)ination KW - Disinfection by-products KW - Drinking water KW - Toxicity assessment SP - 110247 EP - 110247 JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety JO - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf VL - 191 N2 - 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB), a newly identified algal toxins in water, pose a great threat to human health. DAB may react with chlorine or chloramine to produce CX3R-type disinfection by-products (DBPs) during water treatment processes. This study mainly investigated the formation and speciation of DBPs from chlor(am)ination of DAB. The results revealed that haloacetic acids (HAAs), trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) were the main kinds of CX3R-type DBPs generated from DAB during chlor(am)ination, of which dichloroacetic acid yielded the highest. The formation and total toxicity of four CX3R-type DBPs from DAB during chloramination was significantly lower than that during chlorination at each Cl2:N molar ratio. However, more formation of Br-THMs and I-THMs were observed during chloramination in the presence of Br-/I-. Futhermore, the effects of chlor(am)ine dosage, solution pH, reaction time, and the concentration of Br- and I- on the formation and speciation of CX3R-type DBPs were also evaluated during chlor(am)ination. The plausible formation pathways of CX3R-type DBPs from DAB were proposed and verified by theoretical calculation. The quantum chemistry calculations indicate that 1N in DAB and 8N in 2,4-diaminochlorobutyric acid (C4H9O2N2Cl) were more likely to be attacked by electrophiles, supporting the proposed pathway schemes. SN - 1090-2414 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32004943/Formation_speciation_and_toxicity_of_CX3R_type_disinfection_by_products__DBPs__from_chlor_am_ination_of_24_diaminobutyric_acid__DAB__ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -