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Timing of complementary feeding is associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition and short chain fatty acid concentrations over the first year of life.
BMC Microbiol. 2020 Mar 11; 20(1):56.BM

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Early introduction of complementary foods has been associated with various immune disorders, oxidative stress, and obesity in childhood. The gut microbiota and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) they produce are postulated to be on the causal pathway. The objective of this study was to determine if early complementary feeding (i.e. consumption of solids or non-water/formula liquids at or before 3 months) is prospectively associated with infant gut microbiota composition, diversity and SCFAs at 3 and 12 months of age in the Nurture birth cohort.

RESULTS

Mother-infant dyads in the early complementary feeding group (n = 18) had similar baseline characteristics to those in the later feeding group (n = 49). We assessed differential abundance of microbial taxa (measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region) by timing of complementary feeding using beta-binomial regression models (considering a two-sided FDR corrected p-value of < 0.05 as significant), and we fittted linear regression models to assess the association between early complementary feeding and SCFA concentrations (quantified using gas chromatography). After multivariable adjustment for breastfeeding, delivery method, birth weight, and gestational age, there were 13 differentially abundant microbial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) by timing of introduction to complementary foods at 3 months and 20 ASVs at 12 months. Infants introduced to complementary foods early (vs. later) had higher concentrations of the SCFA butyric acid (mean difference = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.27, 1.04, p < 0.01) and total SCFAs (mean difference = 38.8, 95% CI: 7.83, 69.7) at 12 months. Bilophila wadsworthia and Lachnospiraceae Roseburia were associated with early (vs. later) complementary feeding and with higher butyric acid concentrations at 3 and 12 months, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early (vs. later) introduction to complementary foods is associated with altered gut microbiota composition and butyric acid concentrations measured in stool until at least 1 year of age. Further research is needed to determine if these changes mediate future development of metabolic and immune conditions.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Differding MK
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Benjamin-Neelon SE
Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hoyo C
Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 3510 Thomas Hall, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Østbye T
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Mueller NT
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. nmuelle4@jhu.edu. Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, 2024 E. Monument St, Suite 2-500, Room 2-521, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. nmuelle4@jhu.edu.

MeSH

BacteriaDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalFatty Acids, VolatileFecesFemaleGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHumansInfantInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaMaleMothersPhylogenyProspective StudiesRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Analysis, DNATime Factors

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32160858

Citation

Differding, Moira K., et al. "Timing of Complementary Feeding Is Associated With Gut Microbiota Diversity and Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations over the First Year of Life." BMC Microbiology, vol. 20, no. 1, 2020, p. 56.
Differding MK, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Hoyo C, et al. Timing of complementary feeding is associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition and short chain fatty acid concentrations over the first year of life. BMC Microbiol. 2020;20(1):56.
Differding, M. K., Benjamin-Neelon, S. E., Hoyo, C., Østbye, T., & Mueller, N. T. (2020). Timing of complementary feeding is associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition and short chain fatty acid concentrations over the first year of life. BMC Microbiology, 20(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-01723-9
Differding MK, et al. Timing of Complementary Feeding Is Associated With Gut Microbiota Diversity and Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations over the First Year of Life. BMC Microbiol. 2020 Mar 11;20(1):56. PubMed PMID: 32160858.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Timing of complementary feeding is associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition and short chain fatty acid concentrations over the first year of life. AU - Differding,Moira K, AU - Benjamin-Neelon,Sara E, AU - Hoyo,Cathrine, AU - Østbye,Truls, AU - Mueller,Noel T, Y1 - 2020/03/11/ PY - 2019/10/17/received PY - 2020/2/7/accepted PY - 2020/3/13/entrez PY - 2020/3/13/pubmed PY - 2021/3/23/medline KW - Butyrate KW - Complementary feeding KW - Metabolites KW - Microbiome KW - Pediatrics KW - Weaning SP - 56 EP - 56 JF - BMC microbiology JO - BMC Microbiol VL - 20 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Early introduction of complementary foods has been associated with various immune disorders, oxidative stress, and obesity in childhood. The gut microbiota and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) they produce are postulated to be on the causal pathway. The objective of this study was to determine if early complementary feeding (i.e. consumption of solids or non-water/formula liquids at or before 3 months) is prospectively associated with infant gut microbiota composition, diversity and SCFAs at 3 and 12 months of age in the Nurture birth cohort. RESULTS: Mother-infant dyads in the early complementary feeding group (n = 18) had similar baseline characteristics to those in the later feeding group (n = 49). We assessed differential abundance of microbial taxa (measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region) by timing of complementary feeding using beta-binomial regression models (considering a two-sided FDR corrected p-value of < 0.05 as significant), and we fittted linear regression models to assess the association between early complementary feeding and SCFA concentrations (quantified using gas chromatography). After multivariable adjustment for breastfeeding, delivery method, birth weight, and gestational age, there were 13 differentially abundant microbial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) by timing of introduction to complementary foods at 3 months and 20 ASVs at 12 months. Infants introduced to complementary foods early (vs. later) had higher concentrations of the SCFA butyric acid (mean difference = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.27, 1.04, p < 0.01) and total SCFAs (mean difference = 38.8, 95% CI: 7.83, 69.7) at 12 months. Bilophila wadsworthia and Lachnospiraceae Roseburia were associated with early (vs. later) complementary feeding and with higher butyric acid concentrations at 3 and 12 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early (vs. later) introduction to complementary foods is associated with altered gut microbiota composition and butyric acid concentrations measured in stool until at least 1 year of age. Further research is needed to determine if these changes mediate future development of metabolic and immune conditions. SN - 1471-2180 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32160858/Timing_of_complementary_feeding_is_associated_with_gut_microbiota_diversity_and_composition_and_short_chain_fatty_acid_concentrations over_the_first_year_of_life_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -