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Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro.
Antiviral Res. 2020 06; 178:104786.AR

Abstract

An escalating pandemic by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is impacting global health and effective therapeutic options are urgently needed. We evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect of compounds that were previously reported to inhibit coronavirus replication and compounds that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 patients. We report the antiviral effect of remdesivir, lopinavir, homorringtonine, and emetine against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells with the estimated 50% effective concentration at 23.15 μM, 26.63 μM, 2.55 μM and 0.46 μM, respectively. Ribavirin or favipiravir that are currently evaluated under clinical trials showed no inhibition at 100 μM. Synergy between remdesivir and emetine was observed, and remdesivir at 6.25 μM in combination with emetine at 0.195 μM may achieve 64.9% inhibition in viral yield. Combinational therapy may help to reduce the effective concentration of compounds below the therapeutic plasma concentrations and provide better clinical benefits.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Choy KT
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Wong AY
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Kaewpreedee P
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Sia SF
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chen D
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Hui KPY
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chu DKW
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chan MCW
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Cheung PP
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Huang X
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Peiris M
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Yen HL
School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: hyen@hku.hk.

MeSH

Adenosine MonophosphateAlanineAmidesAnimalsAntimetabolitesAntiviral AgentsBetacoronavirusCOVID-19Chlorocebus aethiopsCoronavirus InfectionsDrug CombinationsEmetineEpithelial CellsHomoharringtonineHumansLopinavirPandemicsPneumonia, ViralPyrazinesRibavirinSARS-CoV-2Vero CellsVirus ReplicationCOVID-19 Drug Treatment

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32251767

Citation

Choy, Ka-Tim, et al. "Remdesivir, Lopinavir, Emetine, and Homoharringtonine Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vitro." Antiviral Research, vol. 178, 2020, p. 104786.
Choy KT, Wong AY, Kaewpreedee P, et al. Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Antiviral Res. 2020;178:104786.
Choy, K. T., Wong, A. Y., Kaewpreedee, P., Sia, S. F., Chen, D., Hui, K. P. Y., Chu, D. K. W., Chan, M. C. W., Cheung, P. P., Huang, X., Peiris, M., & Yen, H. L. (2020). Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Antiviral Research, 178, 104786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104786
Choy KT, et al. Remdesivir, Lopinavir, Emetine, and Homoharringtonine Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Vitro. Antiviral Res. 2020;178:104786. PubMed PMID: 32251767.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. AU - Choy,Ka-Tim, AU - Wong,Alvina Yin-Lam, AU - Kaewpreedee,Prathanporn, AU - Sia,Sin Fun, AU - Chen,Dongdong, AU - Hui,Kenrie Pui Yan, AU - Chu,Daniel Ka Wing, AU - Chan,Michael Chi Wai, AU - Cheung,Peter Pak-Hang, AU - Huang,Xuhui, AU - Peiris,Malik, AU - Yen,Hui-Ling, Y1 - 2020/04/03/ PY - 2020/03/15/received PY - 2020/03/28/revised PY - 2020/03/29/accepted PY - 2020/4/7/pubmed PY - 2020/7/7/medline PY - 2020/4/7/entrez KW - ABSTRACT KW - COVID-19 KW - Emetine KW - Homoharringtonine KW - Lopinavir KW - Remdesivir KW - Ritonavir SP - 104786 EP - 104786 JF - Antiviral research JO - Antiviral Res VL - 178 N2 - An escalating pandemic by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is impacting global health and effective therapeutic options are urgently needed. We evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect of compounds that were previously reported to inhibit coronavirus replication and compounds that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 patients. We report the antiviral effect of remdesivir, lopinavir, homorringtonine, and emetine against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells with the estimated 50% effective concentration at 23.15 μM, 26.63 μM, 2.55 μM and 0.46 μM, respectively. Ribavirin or favipiravir that are currently evaluated under clinical trials showed no inhibition at 100 μM. Synergy between remdesivir and emetine was observed, and remdesivir at 6.25 μM in combination with emetine at 0.195 μM may achieve 64.9% inhibition in viral yield. Combinational therapy may help to reduce the effective concentration of compounds below the therapeutic plasma concentrations and provide better clinical benefits. SN - 1872-9096 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32251767/full_citation DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -