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The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control.
J Clin Med. 2020 Apr 24; 9(4)JC

Abstract

A pneumonia outbreak with unknown etiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019, associated with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. The causative agent of the outbreak was identified by the WHO as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), producing the disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The virus is closely related (96.3%) to bat coronavirus RaTG13, based on phylogenetic analysis. Human-to-human transmission has been confirmed even from asymptomatic carriers. The virus has spread to at least 200 countries, and more than 1,700,000 confirmed cases and 111,600 deaths have been recorded, with massive global increases in the number of cases daily. Therefore, the WHO has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The disease is characterized by fever, dry cough, and chest pain with pneumonia in severe cases. In the beginning, the world public health authorities tried to eradicate the disease in China through quarantine but are now transitioning to prevention strategies worldwide to delay its spread. To date, there are no available vaccines or specific therapeutic drugs to treat the virus. There are many knowledge gaps about the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, leading to misinformation. Therefore, in this review, we provide recent information about the COVID-19 pandemic. This review also provides insights for the control of pathogenic infections in humans such as SARS-CoV-2 infection and future spillovers.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Helmy YA
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA. Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Fawzy M
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Elaswad A
Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
Sobieh A
Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Kenney SP
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
Shehata AA
Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat 32897, Egypt. Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32344679

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Citation

Helmy, Yosra A., et al. "The COVID-19 Pandemic: a Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control." Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 9, no. 4, 2020.
Helmy YA, Fawzy M, Elaswad A, et al. The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4).
Helmy, Y. A., Fawzy, M., Elaswad, A., Sobieh, A., Kenney, S. P., & Shehata, A. A. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041225
Helmy YA, et al. The COVID-19 Pandemic: a Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control. J Clin Med. 2020 Apr 24;9(4) PubMed PMID: 32344679.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control. AU - Helmy,Yosra A, AU - Fawzy,Mohamed, AU - Elaswad,Ahmed, AU - Sobieh,Ahmed, AU - Kenney,Scott P, AU - Shehata,Awad A, Y1 - 2020/04/24/ PY - 2020/03/18/received PY - 2020/04/19/revised PY - 2020/04/21/accepted PY - 2020/4/30/entrez PY - 2020/4/30/pubmed PY - 2020/4/30/medline KW - COVID-19 KW - One Health KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - control KW - diagnosis KW - epidemiology KW - genetics KW - outbreak KW - pneumonia KW - public health KW - treatment JF - Journal of clinical medicine JO - J Clin Med VL - 9 IS - 4 N2 - A pneumonia outbreak with unknown etiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019, associated with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. The causative agent of the outbreak was identified by the WHO as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), producing the disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The virus is closely related (96.3%) to bat coronavirus RaTG13, based on phylogenetic analysis. Human-to-human transmission has been confirmed even from asymptomatic carriers. The virus has spread to at least 200 countries, and more than 1,700,000 confirmed cases and 111,600 deaths have been recorded, with massive global increases in the number of cases daily. Therefore, the WHO has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The disease is characterized by fever, dry cough, and chest pain with pneumonia in severe cases. In the beginning, the world public health authorities tried to eradicate the disease in China through quarantine but are now transitioning to prevention strategies worldwide to delay its spread. To date, there are no available vaccines or specific therapeutic drugs to treat the virus. There are many knowledge gaps about the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, leading to misinformation. Therefore, in this review, we provide recent information about the COVID-19 pandemic. This review also provides insights for the control of pathogenic infections in humans such as SARS-CoV-2 infection and future spillovers. SN - 2077-0383 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32344679/The_COVID_19_Pandemic:_A_Comprehensive_Review_of_Taxonomy_Genetics_Epidemiology_Diagnosis_Treatment_and_Control_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -