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Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils across China between 2003 and 2019-A Systematic Review.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 04 29; 17(9)IJ

Abstract

This study provides an overview of the studies of heavy metal pollution regarding As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the urban soils throughout 71 cities of China, based on data from online literature, during the period 2003-2019. The concentrations, spatial distributions, contamination degrees and health risks of heavy metals in the urban soils were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the mean values of eight heavy metals all exceeded the soil background values in China, and the kriging interpolation method showed that the hot-spot cities with heavy metal contamination in urban soils were mainly concentrated in the southwest, southcentral, southeast coast, northcentral and northwest regions of China. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that Hg and Cd were at moderate contamination levels and that the levels of the other six metals did not appear contamination. The pollution index (PI) showed that Cd and Hg reached high contamination levels, and the other metals reached moderate contamination levels. The integrated pollution index (IPI) and potential ecological risk index (PRI) indicated that the integral urban soils in the study areas ranked high contamination levels and moderate ecological risk degree, respectively, and Cd and Hg should be labeled as priority metals for control in the urban soils around China. The human health risk assessments for the heavy metals indicated that ingestion was the dominant exposure pathway for having adverse effects on human health. The mean Hazard index (HI) values of eight heavy metals all showed that adverse effects on human health were unlikely, and the mean carcinogenic (CR) values of As, Cr and Ni for children and adults all suggested an acceptable carcinogenic risk to human beings. In addition, children exposed to these heavy metals faced more serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health threats compared to adults. The results could provide valuable information for demanding the better control of heavy metal pollution and mitigation of the adverse effects on residents by environmental regulators in national urban regions.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Tong S
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. College of Tourism and Historical Culture, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, China.
Li H
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Wang L
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Tudi M
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Yang L
Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

MeSH

AdultChildChinaCitiesEnvironmental MonitoringHumansMetals, HeavyRisk AssessmentSoilSoil Pollutants

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Systematic Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32365600

Citation

Tong, Shuangmei, et al. "Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils Across China Between 2003 and 2019-A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 9, 2020.
Tong S, Li H, Wang L, et al. Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils across China between 2003 and 2019-A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9).
Tong, S., Li, H., Wang, L., Tudi, M., & Yang, L. (2020). Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils across China between 2003 and 2019-A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093099
Tong S, et al. Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils Across China Between 2003 and 2019-A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 04 29;17(9) PubMed PMID: 32365600.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils across China between 2003 and 2019-A Systematic Review. AU - Tong,Shuangmei, AU - Li,Hairong, AU - Wang,Li, AU - Tudi,Muyesaier, AU - Yang,Linsheng, Y1 - 2020/04/29/ PY - 2020/03/26/received PY - 2020/04/14/revised PY - 2020/04/16/accepted PY - 2020/5/6/entrez PY - 2020/5/6/pubmed PY - 2020/11/11/medline KW - contamination degree KW - health risk KW - heavy metals KW - spatial distribution KW - urban soil JF - International journal of environmental research and public health JO - Int J Environ Res Public Health VL - 17 IS - 9 N2 - This study provides an overview of the studies of heavy metal pollution regarding As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the urban soils throughout 71 cities of China, based on data from online literature, during the period 2003-2019. The concentrations, spatial distributions, contamination degrees and health risks of heavy metals in the urban soils were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the mean values of eight heavy metals all exceeded the soil background values in China, and the kriging interpolation method showed that the hot-spot cities with heavy metal contamination in urban soils were mainly concentrated in the southwest, southcentral, southeast coast, northcentral and northwest regions of China. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that Hg and Cd were at moderate contamination levels and that the levels of the other six metals did not appear contamination. The pollution index (PI) showed that Cd and Hg reached high contamination levels, and the other metals reached moderate contamination levels. The integrated pollution index (IPI) and potential ecological risk index (PRI) indicated that the integral urban soils in the study areas ranked high contamination levels and moderate ecological risk degree, respectively, and Cd and Hg should be labeled as priority metals for control in the urban soils around China. The human health risk assessments for the heavy metals indicated that ingestion was the dominant exposure pathway for having adverse effects on human health. The mean Hazard index (HI) values of eight heavy metals all showed that adverse effects on human health were unlikely, and the mean carcinogenic (CR) values of As, Cr and Ni for children and adults all suggested an acceptable carcinogenic risk to human beings. In addition, children exposed to these heavy metals faced more serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health threats compared to adults. The results could provide valuable information for demanding the better control of heavy metal pollution and mitigation of the adverse effects on residents by environmental regulators in national urban regions. SN - 1660-4601 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32365600/Concentration_Spatial_Distribution_Contamination_Degree_and_Human_Health_Risk_Assessment_of_Heavy_Metals_in_Urban_Soils_across_China_between_2003_and_2019_A_Systematic_Review_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -