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Trained Immunity: a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Cell. 2020 May 28; 181(5):969-977.Cell

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection is mild in the majority of individuals but progresses into severe pneumonia in a small proportion of patients. The increased susceptibility to severe disease in the elderly and individuals with co-morbidities argues for an initial defect in anti-viral host defense mechanisms. Long-term boosting of innate immune responses, also termed "trained immunity," by certain live vaccines (BCG, oral polio vaccine, measles) induces heterologous protection against infections through epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. We propose that induction of trained immunity by whole-microorganism vaccines may represent an important tool for reducing susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Netea MG
Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl.
Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ
4(th) Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
Domínguez-Andrés J
Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Curtis N
Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
van Crevel R
Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
van de Veerdonk FL
Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Bonten M
Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands.

MeSH

AnimalsBCG VaccineBetacoronavirusCOVID-19Clinical Trials as TopicCoronavirus InfectionsHumansImmunity, InnateImmunomodulationLungLymphopeniaMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome CoronavirusPandemicsPneumonia, ViralSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusSARS-CoV-2Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeVirus Replication

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32437659

Clinical Trial Links

Use of BCG Vaccine as a Preventive Measure for COVID-19 in Health Care Workers
BCG Vaccination to Prevent COVID-19

Citation

Netea, Mihai G., et al. "Trained Immunity: a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Cell, vol. 181, no. 5, 2020, pp. 969-977.
Netea MG, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Domínguez-Andrés J, et al. Trained Immunity: a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cell. 2020;181(5):969-977.
Netea, M. G., Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E. J., Domínguez-Andrés, J., Curtis, N., van Crevel, R., van de Veerdonk, F. L., & Bonten, M. (2020). Trained Immunity: a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cell, 181(5), 969-977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.042
Netea MG, et al. Trained Immunity: a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cell. 2020 May 28;181(5):969-977. PubMed PMID: 32437659.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Trained Immunity: a Tool for Reducing Susceptibility to and the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. AU - Netea,Mihai G, AU - Giamarellos-Bourboulis,Evangelos J, AU - Domínguez-Andrés,Jorge, AU - Curtis,Nigel, AU - van Crevel,Reinout, AU - van de Veerdonk,Frank L, AU - Bonten,Marc, Y1 - 2020/05/04/ PY - 2019/3/24/received PY - 2020/4/16/revised PY - 2020/4/22/accepted PY - 2020/5/22/pubmed PY - 2020/6/6/medline PY - 2020/5/22/entrez SP - 969 EP - 977 JF - Cell JO - Cell VL - 181 IS - 5 N2 - SARS-CoV-2 infection is mild in the majority of individuals but progresses into severe pneumonia in a small proportion of patients. The increased susceptibility to severe disease in the elderly and individuals with co-morbidities argues for an initial defect in anti-viral host defense mechanisms. Long-term boosting of innate immune responses, also termed "trained immunity," by certain live vaccines (BCG, oral polio vaccine, measles) induces heterologous protection against infections through epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. We propose that induction of trained immunity by whole-microorganism vaccines may represent an important tool for reducing susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2. SN - 1097-4172 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32437659/Trained_Immunity:_a_Tool_for_Reducing_Susceptibility_to_and_the_Severity_of_SARS_CoV_2_Infection_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -