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Indoor Air Quality and Passive E-cigarette Aerosol Exposures in Vape-Shops.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 10 08; 22(10):1772-1779.NT

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Direct emissions of nicotine and harmful chemicals from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been intensively studied, but secondhand and thirdhand e-cigarette aerosol (THA) exposures in indoor environments are understudied.

AIMS AND METHODS

Indoor CO2, NO2, particulate matter (PM2.5), aldehydes, and airborne nicotine were measured in five vape-shops to assess secondhand exposures. Nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines were measured on vape-shop surfaces and materials (glass, paper, clothing, rubber, and fur ball) placed in the vape-shops (14 days) to study thirdhand exposures.

RESULTS

Airborne PM2.5, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and nicotine concentrations during shop opening hours were 21, 3.3, 4.0, and 3.8 times higher than the levels during shop closing hours, respectively. PM2.5 concentrations were correlated with the number of e-cigarette users present in vape-shops (ρ = 0.366-0.761, p < .001). Surface nicotine, 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal (NNA), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were also detected at levels of 223.6 ± 313.2 µg/m2, 4.78 ± 11.8 ng/m2, and 44.8 ± 102.3 ng/m2, respectively. Substantial amounts of nicotine (up to 2073 µg/m2) deposited on the materials placed within the vape-shops, and NNA (up to 474.4 ng/m2) and NNK (up to 184.0 ng/m2) were also formed on these materials. The deposited nicotine concentrations were strongly correlated with the median number of active vapers present in a vape-shop per hour (ρ = 0.894-0.949, p = .04-.051). NNK levels on the material surfaces were significantly associated with surface nicotine levels (ρ=0.645, p = .037).

CONCLUSIONS

Indoor vaping leads to secondhand and THA exposures. Thirdhand exposures induced by e-cigarette vaping are comparable or higher than that induced by cigarette smoking. Long-term studies in various microenvironments are needed to improve our understanding of secondhand and THA exposures.

IMPLICATIONS

This study adds new convincing evidence that e-cigarette vaping can cause secondhand and THA exposures. Our findings can inform Occupational Safety and Health Administration, state authorities, and other government agencies regarding indoor air policies related to e-cigarette use, particularly in vape-shops. There is an urgent need to ensure that vape-shops maintain suitable ventilation systems and cleaning practices to protect customers, employees, and bystanders. Our study also demonstrates that nicotine can deposit or be adsorbed on baby's clothes and toys, and that tobacco-specific nitrosamines can form and retain on baby's clothes, highlighting children's exposure to environmental e-cigarette aerosol and THA at home is of a particular concern.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Son Y
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV.
Giovenco DP
Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
Delnevo C
Center for Tobacco Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.
Khlystov A
Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV.
Samburova V
Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV.
Meng Q
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Center for Tobacco Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ.

MeSH

Air Pollution, IndoorElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsHumansTobacco Smoke PollutionVaping

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32445475

Citation

Son, Yeongkwon, et al. "Indoor Air Quality and Passive E-cigarette Aerosol Exposures in Vape-Shops." Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research On Nicotine and Tobacco, vol. 22, no. 10, 2020, pp. 1772-1779.
Son Y, Giovenco DP, Delnevo C, et al. Indoor Air Quality and Passive E-cigarette Aerosol Exposures in Vape-Shops. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(10):1772-1779.
Son, Y., Giovenco, D. P., Delnevo, C., Khlystov, A., Samburova, V., & Meng, Q. (2020). Indoor Air Quality and Passive E-cigarette Aerosol Exposures in Vape-Shops. Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research On Nicotine and Tobacco, 22(10), 1772-1779. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa094
Son Y, et al. Indoor Air Quality and Passive E-cigarette Aerosol Exposures in Vape-Shops. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 10 8;22(10):1772-1779. PubMed PMID: 32445475.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor Air Quality and Passive E-cigarette Aerosol Exposures in Vape-Shops. AU - Son,Yeongkwon, AU - Giovenco,Daniel P, AU - Delnevo,Cristine, AU - Khlystov,Andrey, AU - Samburova,Vera, AU - Meng,Qingyu, PY - 2019/10/31/received PY - 2020/05/18/accepted PY - 2020/5/24/pubmed PY - 2021/1/9/medline PY - 2020/5/24/entrez SP - 1772 EP - 1779 JF - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco JO - Nicotine Tob Res VL - 22 IS - 10 N2 - INTRODUCTION: Direct emissions of nicotine and harmful chemicals from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been intensively studied, but secondhand and thirdhand e-cigarette aerosol (THA) exposures in indoor environments are understudied. AIMS AND METHODS: Indoor CO2, NO2, particulate matter (PM2.5), aldehydes, and airborne nicotine were measured in five vape-shops to assess secondhand exposures. Nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines were measured on vape-shop surfaces and materials (glass, paper, clothing, rubber, and fur ball) placed in the vape-shops (14 days) to study thirdhand exposures. RESULTS: Airborne PM2.5, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and nicotine concentrations during shop opening hours were 21, 3.3, 4.0, and 3.8 times higher than the levels during shop closing hours, respectively. PM2.5 concentrations were correlated with the number of e-cigarette users present in vape-shops (ρ = 0.366-0.761, p < .001). Surface nicotine, 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal (NNA), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were also detected at levels of 223.6 ± 313.2 µg/m2, 4.78 ± 11.8 ng/m2, and 44.8 ± 102.3 ng/m2, respectively. Substantial amounts of nicotine (up to 2073 µg/m2) deposited on the materials placed within the vape-shops, and NNA (up to 474.4 ng/m2) and NNK (up to 184.0 ng/m2) were also formed on these materials. The deposited nicotine concentrations were strongly correlated with the median number of active vapers present in a vape-shop per hour (ρ = 0.894-0.949, p = .04-.051). NNK levels on the material surfaces were significantly associated with surface nicotine levels (ρ=0.645, p = .037). CONCLUSIONS: Indoor vaping leads to secondhand and THA exposures. Thirdhand exposures induced by e-cigarette vaping are comparable or higher than that induced by cigarette smoking. Long-term studies in various microenvironments are needed to improve our understanding of secondhand and THA exposures. IMPLICATIONS: This study adds new convincing evidence that e-cigarette vaping can cause secondhand and THA exposures. Our findings can inform Occupational Safety and Health Administration, state authorities, and other government agencies regarding indoor air policies related to e-cigarette use, particularly in vape-shops. There is an urgent need to ensure that vape-shops maintain suitable ventilation systems and cleaning practices to protect customers, employees, and bystanders. Our study also demonstrates that nicotine can deposit or be adsorbed on baby's clothes and toys, and that tobacco-specific nitrosamines can form and retain on baby's clothes, highlighting children's exposure to environmental e-cigarette aerosol and THA at home is of a particular concern. SN - 1469-994X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32445475/Indoor_Air_Quality_and_Passive_E_cigarette_Aerosol_Exposures_in_Vape_Shops_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -