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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments.
Drugs Context. 2020; 9DC

Abstract

Many viral respiratory infections can cause severe acute respiratory symptoms leading to mortality and morbidity. In the spring of 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused by SARS-CoV spread globally. In the summer of 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak caused by MERS-CoV occurred in Saudi Arabia. In the winter of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 occurred in China which rapidly spread worldwide causing a global pandemic. Up until 27 May 2020, there are 5.5 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 347,587 COVID-19 related deaths worldwide, and there has also been an unprecedented increase in socioeconomic and psychosocial issues related to COVID-19. This overview aims to review the current developments in preventive treatments and therapies for COVID-19. The development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing and various clinical trials are currently underway around the world. It is hoped that existing antivirals including remdesivir and lopinavir-ritonavir might have roles in the treatment of COVID-19, but results from trials thus far have not been promising. COVID-19 causes a mild respiratory disease in the majority of cases, but in some cases, cytokine activation causes sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to morbidity and mortality. Immunomodulatory treatments and biologics are also being actively explored as therapeutics for COVID-19. On the other hand, the use of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been discouraged based on concerns about their adverse effects. Over the past two decades, coronaviruses have caused major epidemics and outbreaks worldwide, whilst modern medicine has been playing catch-up all along.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Hon KL
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Leung KKY
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Leung AK
Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary and The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Qian SY
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Chan VP
Department of Pharmacy, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Ip P
Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Wong IC
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education (CMORE), Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32655654

Citation

Hon, Kam Lun, et al. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Latest Developments in Potential Treatments." Drugs in Context, vol. 9, 2020.
Hon KL, Leung KKY, Leung AK, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments. Drugs Context. 2020;9.
Hon, K. L., Leung, K. K. Y., Leung, A. K., Qian, S. Y., Chan, V. P., Ip, P., & Wong, I. C. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments. Drugs in Context, 9. https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2020-4-15
Hon KL, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Latest Developments in Potential Treatments. Drugs Context. 2020;9 PubMed PMID: 32655654.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments. AU - Hon,Kam Lun, AU - Leung,Karen Ka Yan, AU - Leung,Alexander Kc, AU - Qian,Su Yun, AU - Chan,Vivian Py, AU - Ip,Patrick, AU - Wong,Ian Ck, Y1 - 2020/06/29/ PY - 2020/04/20/received PY - 2020/05/27/revised PY - 2020/05/28/accepted PY - 2020/7/14/entrez PY - 2020/7/14/pubmed PY - 2020/7/14/medline KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - coronavirus KW - review KW - therapeutics KW - vaccines JF - Drugs in context JO - Drugs Context VL - 9 N2 - Many viral respiratory infections can cause severe acute respiratory symptoms leading to mortality and morbidity. In the spring of 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused by SARS-CoV spread globally. In the summer of 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak caused by MERS-CoV occurred in Saudi Arabia. In the winter of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 occurred in China which rapidly spread worldwide causing a global pandemic. Up until 27 May 2020, there are 5.5 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 347,587 COVID-19 related deaths worldwide, and there has also been an unprecedented increase in socioeconomic and psychosocial issues related to COVID-19. This overview aims to review the current developments in preventive treatments and therapies for COVID-19. The development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing and various clinical trials are currently underway around the world. It is hoped that existing antivirals including remdesivir and lopinavir-ritonavir might have roles in the treatment of COVID-19, but results from trials thus far have not been promising. COVID-19 causes a mild respiratory disease in the majority of cases, but in some cases, cytokine activation causes sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to morbidity and mortality. Immunomodulatory treatments and biologics are also being actively explored as therapeutics for COVID-19. On the other hand, the use of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been discouraged based on concerns about their adverse effects. Over the past two decades, coronaviruses have caused major epidemics and outbreaks worldwide, whilst modern medicine has been playing catch-up all along. SN - 1745-1981 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32655654/Coronavirus_disease_2019__COVID_19_:_latest_developments_in_potential_treatments_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -