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Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Pure Peracetic Acid (PAA) after Eliminating Hydrogen Peroxide from Commercial PAA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 07 13; 17(14)IJ

Abstract

In recent years, peracetic acid (PAA) has gained a lot of attention as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine-based disinfectants in the water industry. Commercial PAA solutions contain both PAA and hydrogen peroxide (HP), and the degradation of HP is slower than PAA when it is used for disinfection. All previous toxicity studies have been based on commercial PAA, and variance in toxicity values have been observed due to different PAA:HP ratios. In this study, the ecotoxicity of pure PAA was studied, eliminating HP from the commercial PAA mixture using potassium permanganate. Ecotoxicity data were obtained by conducting a battery of ecotoxicity tests: bioassays using Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri), Daphnia magna (D. magna), and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (P. subcapitata). The effect concentration (EC50) of pure PAA was 0.84 (a 95% confidence interval of 0.78-0.91) mg/L for V. fischeri and 2.46 (2.35-2.58) mg/L for P. subcapitata, whereas the lethal concentration (LC50) was 0.74 (0.55-0.91) mg/L for D. magna. Compared to this, our previous study found that the EC50 values of commercial PAA towards V. fischeri and P. subcapitata were 0.42 (0.41-0.44) and 1.38 (0.96-1.99) mg/L, respectively, which were lower than pure PAA, whilst the LC50 for D. magna was 0.78 (0.58-0.95) mg/L. These results showed that pure PAA was less toxic to the most commonly used aquatic species for toxicity tests compared to commercial PAA, except for D. magna.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Chhetri RK
Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Di Gaetano S
EIM-Ecological Integrated Management S.R.L., 24124 Bergamo, Italy.
Turolla A
Environmental Division, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Polytechnic University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Antonelli M
Environmental Division, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Polytechnic University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Andersen HR
Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.

MeSH

Aliivibrio fischeriAnimalsDaphniaDisinfectantsHydrogen PeroxidePeracetic AcidWater Pollutants, Chemical

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32668774

Citation

Chhetri, Ravi Kumar, et al. "Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Pure Peracetic Acid (PAA) After Eliminating Hydrogen Peroxide From Commercial PAA." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 14, 2020.
Chhetri RK, Di Gaetano S, Turolla A, et al. Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Pure Peracetic Acid (PAA) after Eliminating Hydrogen Peroxide from Commercial PAA. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(14).
Chhetri, R. K., Di Gaetano, S., Turolla, A., Antonelli, M., & Andersen, H. R. (2020). Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Pure Peracetic Acid (PAA) after Eliminating Hydrogen Peroxide from Commercial PAA. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145031
Chhetri RK, et al. Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Pure Peracetic Acid (PAA) After Eliminating Hydrogen Peroxide From Commercial PAA. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 07 13;17(14) PubMed PMID: 32668774.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Pure Peracetic Acid (PAA) after Eliminating Hydrogen Peroxide from Commercial PAA. AU - Chhetri,Ravi Kumar, AU - Di Gaetano,Silvia, AU - Turolla,Andrea, AU - Antonelli,Manuela, AU - Andersen,Henrik Rasmus, Y1 - 2020/07/13/ PY - 2020/05/31/received PY - 2020/07/03/revised PY - 2020/07/07/accepted PY - 2020/7/17/entrez PY - 2020/7/17/pubmed PY - 2020/12/1/medline KW - disinfection KW - ecotoxicity KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - peracetic acid JF - International journal of environmental research and public health JO - Int J Environ Res Public Health VL - 17 IS - 14 N2 - In recent years, peracetic acid (PAA) has gained a lot of attention as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine-based disinfectants in the water industry. Commercial PAA solutions contain both PAA and hydrogen peroxide (HP), and the degradation of HP is slower than PAA when it is used for disinfection. All previous toxicity studies have been based on commercial PAA, and variance in toxicity values have been observed due to different PAA:HP ratios. In this study, the ecotoxicity of pure PAA was studied, eliminating HP from the commercial PAA mixture using potassium permanganate. Ecotoxicity data were obtained by conducting a battery of ecotoxicity tests: bioassays using Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri), Daphnia magna (D. magna), and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (P. subcapitata). The effect concentration (EC50) of pure PAA was 0.84 (a 95% confidence interval of 0.78-0.91) mg/L for V. fischeri and 2.46 (2.35-2.58) mg/L for P. subcapitata, whereas the lethal concentration (LC50) was 0.74 (0.55-0.91) mg/L for D. magna. Compared to this, our previous study found that the EC50 values of commercial PAA towards V. fischeri and P. subcapitata were 0.42 (0.41-0.44) and 1.38 (0.96-1.99) mg/L, respectively, which were lower than pure PAA, whilst the LC50 for D. magna was 0.78 (0.58-0.95) mg/L. These results showed that pure PAA was less toxic to the most commonly used aquatic species for toxicity tests compared to commercial PAA, except for D. magna. SN - 1660-4601 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32668774/Ecotoxicity_Evaluation_of_Pure_Peracetic_Acid__PAA__after_Eliminating_Hydrogen_Peroxide_from_Commercial_PAA_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -