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Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates.
N Engl J Med. 2020 10 15; 383(16):1544-1555.NEJM

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed. The effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines on viral replication in both upper and lower airways is important to evaluate in nonhuman primates.

METHODS

Nonhuman primates received 10 or 100 μg of mRNA-1273, a vaccine encoding the prefusion-stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, or no vaccine. Antibody and T-cell responses were assessed before upper- and lower-airway challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Active viral replication and viral genomes in bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid and nasal swab specimens were assessed by polymerase chain reaction, and histopathological analysis and viral quantification were performed on lung-tissue specimens.

RESULTS

The mRNA-1273 vaccine candidate induced antibody levels exceeding those in human convalescent-phase serum, with live-virus reciprocal 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50) geometric mean titers of 501 in the 10-μg dose group and 3481 in the 100-μg dose group. Vaccination induced type 1 helper T-cell (Th1)-biased CD4 T-cell responses and low or undetectable Th2 or CD8 T-cell responses. Viral replication was not detectable in BAL fluid by day 2 after challenge in seven of eight animals in both vaccinated groups. No viral replication was detectable in the nose of any of the eight animals in the 100-μg dose group by day 2 after challenge, and limited inflammation or detectable viral genome or antigen was noted in lungs of animals in either vaccine group.

CONCLUSIONS

Vaccination of nonhuman primates with mRNA-1273 induced robust SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity, rapid protection in the upper and lower airways, and no pathologic changes in the lung. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).

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Corbett KS
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Flynn B
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Foulds KE
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Francica JR
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Boyoglu-Barnum S
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Werner AP
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Flach B
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
O'Connell S
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Bock KW
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Minai M
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Nagata BM
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Andersen H
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Martinez DR
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Noe AT
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Douek N
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Donaldson MM
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Nji NN
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Alvarado GS
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Edwards DK
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Flebbe DR
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Lamb E
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Doria-Rose NA
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Lin BC
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Louder MK
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
O'Dell S
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Schmidt SD
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Phung E
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Chang LA
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Yap C
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Todd JM
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Pessaint L
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Van Ry A
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Browne S
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Greenhouse J
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Putman-Taylor T
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Strasbaugh A
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Campbell TA
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Cook A
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Dodson A
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Steingrebe K
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Shi W
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Zhang Y
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Abiona OM
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Wang L
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Pegu A
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Yang ES
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Leung K
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Zhou T
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Teng IT
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Widge A
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Gordon I
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Novik L
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Gillespie RA
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Loomis RJ
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Moliva JI
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Stewart-Jones G
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Himansu S
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Kong WP
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Nason MC
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Morabito KM
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Ruckwardt TJ
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Ledgerwood JE
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Gaudinski MR
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Kwong PD
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Mascola JR
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Carfi A
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Lewis MG
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Baric RS
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
McDermott A
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Moore IN
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Sullivan NJ
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Roederer M
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Seder RA
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).
Graham BS
From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.).

MeSH

AnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBetacoronavirusCD4 AntigensCoronavirus InfectionsDisease Models, AnimalDose-Response Relationship, ImmunologicImmunization, PassiveLungMacaca mulattaPandemicsPneumonia, ViralSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusT-LymphocytesViral LoadViral VaccinesVirus Replication

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32722908

Citation

Corbett, Kizzmekia S., et al. "Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates." The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 383, no. 16, 2020, pp. 1544-1555.
Corbett KS, Flynn B, Foulds KE, et al. Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(16):1544-1555.
Corbett, K. S., Flynn, B., Foulds, K. E., Francica, J. R., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Werner, A. P., Flach, B., O'Connell, S., Bock, K. W., Minai, M., Nagata, B. M., Andersen, H., Martinez, D. R., Noe, A. T., Douek, N., Donaldson, M. M., Nji, N. N., Alvarado, G. S., Edwards, D. K., ... Graham, B. S. (2020). Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383(16), 1544-1555. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2024671
Corbett KS, et al. Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates. N Engl J Med. 2020 10 15;383(16):1544-1555. PubMed PMID: 32722908.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates. AU - Corbett,Kizzmekia S, AU - Flynn,Barbara, AU - Foulds,Kathryn E, AU - Francica,Joseph R, AU - Boyoglu-Barnum,Seyhan, AU - Werner,Anne P, AU - Flach,Britta, AU - O'Connell,Sarah, AU - Bock,Kevin W, AU - Minai,Mahnaz, AU - Nagata,Bianca M, AU - Andersen,Hanne, AU - Martinez,David R, AU - Noe,Amy T, AU - Douek,Naomi, AU - Donaldson,Mitzi M, AU - Nji,Nadesh N, AU - Alvarado,Gabriela S, AU - Edwards,Darin K, AU - Flebbe,Dillon R, AU - Lamb,Evan, AU - Doria-Rose,Nicole A, AU - Lin,Bob C, AU - Louder,Mark K, AU - O'Dell,Sijy, AU - Schmidt,Stephen D, AU - Phung,Emily, AU - Chang,Lauren A, AU - Yap,Christina, AU - Todd,John-Paul M, AU - Pessaint,Laurent, AU - Van Ry,Alex, AU - Browne,Shanai, AU - Greenhouse,Jack, AU - Putman-Taylor,Tammy, AU - Strasbaugh,Amanda, AU - Campbell,Tracey-Ann, AU - Cook,Anthony, AU - Dodson,Alan, AU - Steingrebe,Katelyn, AU - Shi,Wei, AU - Zhang,Yi, AU - Abiona,Olubukola M, AU - Wang,Lingshu, AU - Pegu,Amarendra, AU - Yang,Eun Sung, AU - Leung,Kwanyee, AU - Zhou,Tongqing, AU - Teng,I-Ting, AU - Widge,Alicia, AU - Gordon,Ingelise, AU - Novik,Laura, AU - Gillespie,Rebecca A, AU - Loomis,Rebecca J, AU - Moliva,Juan I, AU - Stewart-Jones,Guillaume, AU - Himansu,Sunny, AU - Kong,Wing-Pui, AU - Nason,Martha C, AU - Morabito,Kaitlyn M, AU - Ruckwardt,Tracy J, AU - Ledgerwood,Julie E, AU - Gaudinski,Martin R, AU - Kwong,Peter D, AU - Mascola,John R, AU - Carfi,Andrea, AU - Lewis,Mark G, AU - Baric,Ralph S, AU - McDermott,Adrian, AU - Moore,Ian N, AU - Sullivan,Nancy J, AU - Roederer,Mario, AU - Seder,Robert A, AU - Graham,Barney S, Y1 - 2020/07/28/ PY - 2020/7/30/pubmed PY - 2020/10/28/medline PY - 2020/7/30/entrez SP - 1544 EP - 1555 JF - The New England journal of medicine JO - N Engl J Med VL - 383 IS - 16 N2 - BACKGROUND: Vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed. The effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines on viral replication in both upper and lower airways is important to evaluate in nonhuman primates. METHODS: Nonhuman primates received 10 or 100 μg of mRNA-1273, a vaccine encoding the prefusion-stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, or no vaccine. Antibody and T-cell responses were assessed before upper- and lower-airway challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Active viral replication and viral genomes in bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid and nasal swab specimens were assessed by polymerase chain reaction, and histopathological analysis and viral quantification were performed on lung-tissue specimens. RESULTS: The mRNA-1273 vaccine candidate induced antibody levels exceeding those in human convalescent-phase serum, with live-virus reciprocal 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50) geometric mean titers of 501 in the 10-μg dose group and 3481 in the 100-μg dose group. Vaccination induced type 1 helper T-cell (Th1)-biased CD4 T-cell responses and low or undetectable Th2 or CD8 T-cell responses. Viral replication was not detectable in BAL fluid by day 2 after challenge in seven of eight animals in both vaccinated groups. No viral replication was detectable in the nose of any of the eight animals in the 100-μg dose group by day 2 after challenge, and limited inflammation or detectable viral genome or antigen was noted in lungs of animals in either vaccine group. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination of nonhuman primates with mRNA-1273 induced robust SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity, rapid protection in the upper and lower airways, and no pathologic changes in the lung. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.). SN - 1533-4406 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32722908/full_citation L2 - https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2024671?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub=pubmed DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -