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Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence Among American Young Adults: A 30-Year Follow-up Study.
Diabetes Care. 2020 10; 43(10):2426-2434.DC

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To prospectively examine intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in relation to diabetes incidence in a large U.S. cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 4,704 American adults aged 18-30 years and without diabetes were enrolled in 1985-1986 and monitored until 2015-2016 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary assessment was conducted by a validated dietary history questionnaire at baseline, in 1992-1993, and in 2005-2006. The cumulative average intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 were used in the analyses. Incident diabetes was ascertained by plasma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin A1c concentrations, and/or antidiabetic medications.

RESULTS

During 30 years (mean 20.5 ± 8.9) of follow-up, 655 incident cases of diabetes occurred. Intake of folate, but not vitamin B6 or vitamin B12, was inversely associated with diabetes incidence after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with the lowest quintile of total folate intake, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) in quintiles 2-5 were 0.85 (0.67-1.08), 0.78 (0.60-1.02), 0.82 (0.62-1.09), and 0.70 (0.51-0.97; P trend = 0.02). Higher folate intake was also associated with lower plasma homocysteine (P trend < 0.01) and insulin (P trend < 0.01). Among supplement users, folate intake was inversely associated with serum C-reactive protein levels (P trend < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Intake of folate in young adulthood was inversely associated with diabetes incidence in midlife among Americans. The observed association may be partially explained by mechanisms related to homocysteine level, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation.

Links

PMC Free PDF

Authors+Show Affiliations

Zhu J
Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX.
Chen C
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
Lu L
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY kk3399@columbia.edu.
Yang K
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, and Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Reis J
Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD.
He K
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY kk3399@columbia.edu.

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAge of OnsetCohort StudiesDiabetes MellitusDietary SupplementsEatingFeeding BehaviorFemaleFolic AcidFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesVitamin B 12Vitamin B 6Young Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32737139

Citation

Zhu, Jie, et al. "Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence Among American Young Adults: a 30-Year Follow-up Study." Diabetes Care, vol. 43, no. 10, 2020, pp. 2426-2434.
Zhu J, Chen C, Lu L, et al. Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence Among American Young Adults: A 30-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(10):2426-2434.
Zhu, J., Chen, C., Lu, L., Yang, K., Reis, J., & He, K. (2020). Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence Among American Young Adults: A 30-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care, 43(10), 2426-2434. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0828
Zhu J, et al. Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence Among American Young Adults: a 30-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(10):2426-2434. PubMed PMID: 32737139.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to Diabetes Incidence Among American Young Adults: A 30-Year Follow-up Study. AU - Zhu,Jie, AU - Chen,Cheng, AU - Lu,Liping, AU - Yang,Kefeng, AU - Reis,Jared, AU - He,Ka, Y1 - 2020/07/31/ PY - 2020/04/14/received PY - 2020/06/30/accepted PY - 2020/8/2/pubmed PY - 2021/5/25/medline PY - 2020/8/2/entrez SP - 2426 EP - 2434 JF - Diabetes care JO - Diabetes Care VL - 43 IS - 10 N2 - OBJECTIVE: To prospectively examine intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in relation to diabetes incidence in a large U.S. cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 4,704 American adults aged 18-30 years and without diabetes were enrolled in 1985-1986 and monitored until 2015-2016 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary assessment was conducted by a validated dietary history questionnaire at baseline, in 1992-1993, and in 2005-2006. The cumulative average intakes of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 were used in the analyses. Incident diabetes was ascertained by plasma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin A1c concentrations, and/or antidiabetic medications. RESULTS: During 30 years (mean 20.5 ± 8.9) of follow-up, 655 incident cases of diabetes occurred. Intake of folate, but not vitamin B6 or vitamin B12, was inversely associated with diabetes incidence after adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with the lowest quintile of total folate intake, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) in quintiles 2-5 were 0.85 (0.67-1.08), 0.78 (0.60-1.02), 0.82 (0.62-1.09), and 0.70 (0.51-0.97; P trend = 0.02). Higher folate intake was also associated with lower plasma homocysteine (P trend < 0.01) and insulin (P trend < 0.01). Among supplement users, folate intake was inversely associated with serum C-reactive protein levels (P trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Intake of folate in young adulthood was inversely associated with diabetes incidence in midlife among Americans. The observed association may be partially explained by mechanisms related to homocysteine level, insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation. SN - 1935-5548 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32737139/Intakes_of_Folate_Vitamin_B6_and_Vitamin_B12_in_Relation_to_Diabetes_Incidence_Among_American_Young_Adults:_A_30_Year_Follow_up_Study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -