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Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020.
EXCLI J. 2020; 19:992-1016.EJ

Abstract

Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with non-segmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in Wuhan City, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020. Fever, dry cough and fatigue are found in the vast majority of all COVID-19 cases. Early diagnosis, treatment and future prevention are keys to COVID-19 management. Currently, the unmet need to develop cost-effective point-of-contact test kits and efficient laboratory techniques for confirmation of COVID-19 infection has powered a new frontier of diagnostic innovation. No proven effective therapies or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 currently exist. The rapidly increasing research regarding COVID-19 virology provides a significant number of potential drug targets. Remdesivir may be the most promising therapy up till now. On May 1, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for the investigational Remdesivir as a potential antiviral for COVID-19 treatment. On May 7, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has granted regulatory approval of Veklury® (Remdesivir) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, under an exceptional approval pathway. Also, Corticosteroids are recommended for severe cases only to suppress the immune response and reduce symptoms, but not for mild and moderate patients where they are associated with a high-risk side effect. Based on the currently published evidence, we tried to highlight different diagnostic approaches, side effects and therapeutic agents that could help physicians in the frontlines.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Nabil A
Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansoura, Egypt.
Uto K
Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
Elshemy MM
Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
Soliman R
Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansoura, Egypt. Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Egypt.
Hassan AA
Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansoura, Egypt.
Ebara M
Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan. Graduate School of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
Shiha G
Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansoura, Egypt. Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32788913

Citation

Nabil, Ahmed, et al. "Current Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches: an Updated Review Until June 2020." EXCLI Journal, vol. 19, 2020, pp. 992-1016.
Nabil A, Uto K, Elshemy MM, et al. Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020. EXCLI J. 2020;19:992-1016.
Nabil, A., Uto, K., Elshemy, M. M., Soliman, R., Hassan, A. A., Ebara, M., & Shiha, G. (2020). Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020. EXCLI Journal, 19, 992-1016. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2020-2554
Nabil A, et al. Current Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches: an Updated Review Until June 2020. EXCLI J. 2020;19:992-1016. PubMed PMID: 32788913.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020. AU - Nabil,Ahmed, AU - Uto,Koichiro, AU - Elshemy,Mohamed M, AU - Soliman,Reham, AU - Hassan,Ayman A, AU - Ebara,Mitsuhiro, AU - Shiha,Gamal, Y1 - 2020/07/20/ PY - 2020/06/18/received PY - 2020/07/08/accepted PY - 2020/8/14/entrez PY - 2020/8/14/pubmed PY - 2020/8/14/medline KW - COVID-19 KW - Diagnosis KW - Epidemiology KW - Remdesivir KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - Therapy SP - 992 EP - 1016 JF - EXCLI journal JO - EXCLI J VL - 19 N2 - Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with non-segmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in Wuhan City, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020. Fever, dry cough and fatigue are found in the vast majority of all COVID-19 cases. Early diagnosis, treatment and future prevention are keys to COVID-19 management. Currently, the unmet need to develop cost-effective point-of-contact test kits and efficient laboratory techniques for confirmation of COVID-19 infection has powered a new frontier of diagnostic innovation. No proven effective therapies or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 currently exist. The rapidly increasing research regarding COVID-19 virology provides a significant number of potential drug targets. Remdesivir may be the most promising therapy up till now. On May 1, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for the investigational Remdesivir as a potential antiviral for COVID-19 treatment. On May 7, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has granted regulatory approval of Veklury® (Remdesivir) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, under an exceptional approval pathway. Also, Corticosteroids are recommended for severe cases only to suppress the immune response and reduce symptoms, but not for mild and moderate patients where they are associated with a high-risk side effect. Based on the currently published evidence, we tried to highlight different diagnostic approaches, side effects and therapeutic agents that could help physicians in the frontlines. SN - 1611-2156 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32788913/Current_coronavirus__SARS_CoV_2__epidemiological_diagnostic_and_therapeutic_approaches:_An_updated_review_until_June_2020_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -