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The Long Road Toward COVID-19 Herd Immunity: Vaccine Platform Technologies and Mass Immunization Strategies.
Front Immunol. 2020; 11:1817.FI

Abstract

There is an urgent need for effective countermeasures against the current emergence and accelerating expansion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Induction of herd immunity by mass vaccination has been a very successful strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, hence protecting the most vulnerable population groups unable to develop immunity, for example individuals with immunodeficiencies or a weakened immune system due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. Therefore, vaccination represents one of the most promising counter-pandemic measures to COVID-19. However, to date, no licensed vaccine exists, neither for SARS-CoV-2 nor for the closely related SARS-CoV or Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV. In addition, a few vaccine candidates have only recently entered human clinical trials, which hampers the progress in tackling COVID-19 infection. Here, we discuss potential prophylactic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the challenges existing for vaccine development, and we review pre-clinical progress and ongoing human clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Although COVID-19 vaccine development is currently accelerated via so-called fast-track programs, vaccines may not be timely available to have an impact on the first wave of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, COVID-19 vaccines will be essential in the future for reducing morbidity and mortality and inducing herd immunity, if SARS-CoV-2 becomes established in the population like for example influenza virus.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Frederiksen LSF
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Zhang Y
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Foged C
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Thakur A
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

MeSH

AnimalsBetacoronavirusCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCoronavirus InfectionsDisease Models, AnimalHumansImmunity, HerdMass VaccinationPandemicsPneumonia, ViralSARS-CoV-2Vaccines, DNAViral ProteinsViral Vaccines

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32793245

Citation

Frederiksen, Lea Skak Filtenborg, et al. "The Long Road Toward COVID-19 Herd Immunity: Vaccine Platform Technologies and Mass Immunization Strategies." Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 11, 2020, p. 1817.
Frederiksen LSF, Zhang Y, Foged C, et al. The Long Road Toward COVID-19 Herd Immunity: Vaccine Platform Technologies and Mass Immunization Strategies. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1817.
Frederiksen, L. S. F., Zhang, Y., Foged, C., & Thakur, A. (2020). The Long Road Toward COVID-19 Herd Immunity: Vaccine Platform Technologies and Mass Immunization Strategies. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 1817. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01817
Frederiksen LSF, et al. The Long Road Toward COVID-19 Herd Immunity: Vaccine Platform Technologies and Mass Immunization Strategies. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1817. PubMed PMID: 32793245.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The Long Road Toward COVID-19 Herd Immunity: Vaccine Platform Technologies and Mass Immunization Strategies. AU - Frederiksen,Lea Skak Filtenborg, AU - Zhang,Yibang, AU - Foged,Camilla, AU - Thakur,Aneesh, Y1 - 2020/07/21/ PY - 2020/05/09/received PY - 2020/07/07/accepted PY - 2020/8/15/entrez PY - 2020/8/15/pubmed PY - 2020/8/25/medline KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - animal models KW - coronavirus KW - herd immunity KW - immune response KW - immunopathology KW - vaccine SP - 1817 EP - 1817 JF - Frontiers in immunology JO - Front Immunol VL - 11 N2 - There is an urgent need for effective countermeasures against the current emergence and accelerating expansion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Induction of herd immunity by mass vaccination has been a very successful strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, hence protecting the most vulnerable population groups unable to develop immunity, for example individuals with immunodeficiencies or a weakened immune system due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. Therefore, vaccination represents one of the most promising counter-pandemic measures to COVID-19. However, to date, no licensed vaccine exists, neither for SARS-CoV-2 nor for the closely related SARS-CoV or Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV. In addition, a few vaccine candidates have only recently entered human clinical trials, which hampers the progress in tackling COVID-19 infection. Here, we discuss potential prophylactic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the challenges existing for vaccine development, and we review pre-clinical progress and ongoing human clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Although COVID-19 vaccine development is currently accelerated via so-called fast-track programs, vaccines may not be timely available to have an impact on the first wave of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, COVID-19 vaccines will be essential in the future for reducing morbidity and mortality and inducing herd immunity, if SARS-CoV-2 becomes established in the population like for example influenza virus. SN - 1664-3224 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32793245/The_Long_Road_Toward_COVID_19_Herd_Immunity:_Vaccine_Platform_Technologies_and_Mass_Immunization_Strategies_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -