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Toxic mechanism of three azole fungicides and their mixture to green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Chemosphere. 2021 Jan; 262:127793.C

Abstract

Currently, few studies have investigated the joint toxicity mechanism of azole fungicides at different exposure times and mixed at the relevant environmental concentrations. In this study, three common azole fungicides, namely, myclobutanil (MYC), propiconazole (PRO), and tebuconazole (TCZ), were used in studying the toxic mechanisms of a single substance and its ternary mixture exposed to ambient concentrations of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), chlorophyll a (Chla), and total protein (TP), were used as physiological indexes. Results showed that three azole fungicides and ternary mixture presented obvious time-dependent toxicities at high concentrations. MYC induced a hormetic effect on algal growth, whereas PRO and TCZ inhibit algal growth in the entire range of the tested concentrations. The toxicities of the three azole fungicides at 7 days followed the order PRO > TCZ > MYC. Three azole fungicides and their ternary mixture induced different levels of SOD and CAT activities in algae at high concentrations. The ternary mixture showed additive effects after 4 and 7 days exposure, but no effect was observed at actual environmental concentrations. The toxic mechanisms may be related to the continuous accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which not only affected protein structures and compositions but also damaged thylakoid membranes, hindered the synthesis of proteins and chlorophyll a, and eventually inhibited algal growth. These findings increase the understanding of the ecotoxicity of azole fungicides and use of azole fungicides in agricultural production.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Nong QY
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
Liu YA
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
Qin LT
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China. Electronic address: qinsar@163.com.
Liu M
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
Mo LY
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
Liang YP
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
Zeng HH
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.

MeSH

AntioxidantsAzolesCatalaseChlorellaChlorophyll ADose-Response Relationship, DrugFungicides, IndustrialNitrilesOxidative StressReactive Oxygen SpeciesSuperoxide DismutaseTriazolesWater Pollutants, Chemical

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32799142

Citation

Nong, Qiong-Yuan, et al. "Toxic Mechanism of Three Azole Fungicides and Their Mixture to Green Alga Chlorella Pyrenoidosa." Chemosphere, vol. 262, 2021, p. 127793.
Nong QY, Liu YA, Qin LT, et al. Toxic mechanism of three azole fungicides and their mixture to green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Chemosphere. 2021;262:127793.
Nong, Q. Y., Liu, Y. A., Qin, L. T., Liu, M., Mo, L. Y., Liang, Y. P., & Zeng, H. H. (2021). Toxic mechanism of three azole fungicides and their mixture to green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Chemosphere, 262, 127793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127793
Nong QY, et al. Toxic Mechanism of Three Azole Fungicides and Their Mixture to Green Alga Chlorella Pyrenoidosa. Chemosphere. 2021;262:127793. PubMed PMID: 32799142.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Toxic mechanism of three azole fungicides and their mixture to green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. AU - Nong,Qiong-Yuan, AU - Liu,Yong-An, AU - Qin,Li-Tang, AU - Liu,Min, AU - Mo,Ling-Yun, AU - Liang,Yan-Peng, AU - Zeng,Hong-Hu, Y1 - 2020/08/05/ PY - 2020/05/20/received PY - 2020/07/19/revised PY - 2020/07/20/accepted PY - 2020/8/18/pubmed PY - 2020/11/21/medline PY - 2020/8/18/entrez KW - Azole fungicide KW - Chlorella pyrenoidosa KW - Physiological indicator KW - Toxic mechanism SP - 127793 EP - 127793 JF - Chemosphere JO - Chemosphere VL - 262 N2 - Currently, few studies have investigated the joint toxicity mechanism of azole fungicides at different exposure times and mixed at the relevant environmental concentrations. In this study, three common azole fungicides, namely, myclobutanil (MYC), propiconazole (PRO), and tebuconazole (TCZ), were used in studying the toxic mechanisms of a single substance and its ternary mixture exposed to ambient concentrations of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), chlorophyll a (Chla), and total protein (TP), were used as physiological indexes. Results showed that three azole fungicides and ternary mixture presented obvious time-dependent toxicities at high concentrations. MYC induced a hormetic effect on algal growth, whereas PRO and TCZ inhibit algal growth in the entire range of the tested concentrations. The toxicities of the three azole fungicides at 7 days followed the order PRO > TCZ > MYC. Three azole fungicides and their ternary mixture induced different levels of SOD and CAT activities in algae at high concentrations. The ternary mixture showed additive effects after 4 and 7 days exposure, but no effect was observed at actual environmental concentrations. The toxic mechanisms may be related to the continuous accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which not only affected protein structures and compositions but also damaged thylakoid membranes, hindered the synthesis of proteins and chlorophyll a, and eventually inhibited algal growth. These findings increase the understanding of the ecotoxicity of azole fungicides and use of azole fungicides in agricultural production. SN - 1879-1298 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32799142/Toxic_mechanism_of_three_azole_fungicides_and_their_mixture_to_green_alga_Chlorella_pyrenoidosa_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -