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An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 08 19; 17(17)IJ

Abstract

The present study examined the muscle activation in lateral raise with humerus rotated externally (LR-external), neutrally (LR-neutral), internally (LR-internal), with flexed elbow (LR-flexed) and frontal raise during both the concentric and eccentric phase. Ten competitive bodybuilders performed the exercises. Normalized surface electromyographic root mean square (sEMG RMS) was obtained from anterior, medial, and posterior deltoid, pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and triceps brachii. During the concentric phase, anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise (effect size (ES)-range: 1.78/9.25)) and LR-internal (ES-range: 10.79/21.34), respectively, vs. all other exercises. Medial deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-neutral than LR-external (ES: 1.47 (95% confidence-interval-CI: 0.43/2.38)), frontal raise (ES: 10.28(95% CI: 6.67/13.01)), and LR-flexed (ES: 6.41(95% CI: 4.04/8.23)). Pectoralis major showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise vs. all other exercises (ES-range: 17.2/29.5), while upper trapezius (ES-range: 2.66/7.18) and triceps brachii (ES-range: 0.41/3.31) showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-internal vs. all other exercises. Similar recruitment patterns were found during the eccentric phase. When humerus rotates internally, greater activation of posterior deltoid, triceps brachii, and upper trapezius occurs. Humerus external rotation increases the activation of anterior and medial deltoid. Frontal raise mainly activates anterior deltoid and pectoralis major. LR variations and frontal raise activate specifically shoulders muscles and should be proposed accordingly.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Coratella G
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Tornatore G
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Longo S
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Esposito F
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy. IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, 20161 Milano, Italy.
Cè E
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy. IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, 20161 Milano, Italy.

MeSH

ArmElectromyographyExerciseHumansMuscle, SkeletalRange of Motion, ArticularShoulderWeight Lifting

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32824894

Citation

Coratella, Giuseppe, et al. "An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 17, 2020.
Coratella G, Tornatore G, Longo S, et al. An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17).
Coratella, G., Tornatore, G., Longo, S., Esposito, F., & Cè, E. (2020). An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176015
Coratella G, et al. An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 08 19;17(17) PubMed PMID: 32824894.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders. AU - Coratella,Giuseppe, AU - Tornatore,Gianpaolo, AU - Longo,Stefano, AU - Esposito,Fabio, AU - Cè,Emiliano, Y1 - 2020/08/19/ PY - 2020/07/07/received PY - 2020/08/14/revised PY - 2020/08/18/accepted PY - 2020/8/23/entrez PY - 2020/8/23/pubmed PY - 2020/12/15/medline KW - EMG KW - deltoid KW - muscle KW - pectoralis major KW - resistance training KW - strength exercise KW - triceps brachii KW - upper trapezius JF - International journal of environmental research and public health JO - Int J Environ Res Public Health VL - 17 IS - 17 N2 - The present study examined the muscle activation in lateral raise with humerus rotated externally (LR-external), neutrally (LR-neutral), internally (LR-internal), with flexed elbow (LR-flexed) and frontal raise during both the concentric and eccentric phase. Ten competitive bodybuilders performed the exercises. Normalized surface electromyographic root mean square (sEMG RMS) was obtained from anterior, medial, and posterior deltoid, pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and triceps brachii. During the concentric phase, anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise (effect size (ES)-range: 1.78/9.25)) and LR-internal (ES-range: 10.79/21.34), respectively, vs. all other exercises. Medial deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-neutral than LR-external (ES: 1.47 (95% confidence-interval-CI: 0.43/2.38)), frontal raise (ES: 10.28(95% CI: 6.67/13.01)), and LR-flexed (ES: 6.41(95% CI: 4.04/8.23)). Pectoralis major showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise vs. all other exercises (ES-range: 17.2/29.5), while upper trapezius (ES-range: 2.66/7.18) and triceps brachii (ES-range: 0.41/3.31) showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-internal vs. all other exercises. Similar recruitment patterns were found during the eccentric phase. When humerus rotates internally, greater activation of posterior deltoid, triceps brachii, and upper trapezius occurs. Humerus external rotation increases the activation of anterior and medial deltoid. Frontal raise mainly activates anterior deltoid and pectoralis major. LR variations and frontal raise activate specifically shoulders muscles and should be proposed accordingly. SN - 1660-4601 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32824894/An_Electromyographic_Analysis_of_Lateral_Raise_Variations_and_Frontal_Raise_in_Competitive_Bodybuilders_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -