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Phillyrin (KD-1) exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.
Phytomedicine. 2020 Nov; 78:153296.P

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has extensively and rapidly spread in the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. However, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines can be used. Phillyrin (KD-1), a representative ingredient of Forsythia suspensa, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antiviral activities. However, little is known about the antiviral abilities and mechanism of KD-1 against SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E).

PURPOSE

The study was designed to investigate the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of KD-1 against the novel SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E and its potential effect in regulating host immune response in vitro.

METHODS

The antiviral activities of KD-1 against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E were assessed in Vero E6 cells using cytopathic effect and plaque-reduction assay. Proinflammatory cytokine expression levels upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E infection in Huh-7 cells were measured by real-time quantitative PCR assays. Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, p-NF-κB p65, IκBα, and p-IκBα in Huh-7 cells, which are the key targets of the NF-κB pathway.

RESULTS

KD-1 could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E replication in vitro. KD-1 could also markedly reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IP-10) at the mRNA levels. Moreover, KD-1 could significantly reduce the protein expression of p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, and p-IκBα, while increasing the expression of IκBα in Huh-7 cells.

CONCLUSIONS

KD-1 could significantly inhibit virus proliferation in vitro, the up-regulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E by regulating the activity of the NF-кB signaling pathway. Our findings indicated that KD-1 protected against virus attack and can thus be used as a novel strategy for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Ma Q
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Li R
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Pan W
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Huang W
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Liu B
Kunming University of Science and Technology Library, Kunming, China.
Xie Y
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Wang Z
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Li C
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Jiang H
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Huang J
Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, China.
Shi Y
Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, China.
Dai J
Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, China.
Zheng K
Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, China.
Li X
Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, China.
Hui M
Jilin Yatai Chinese Medicine Development Institute, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Fu L
Jilin Yatai Chinese Medicine Development Institute, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Yang Z
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; KingMed Virology Diagnostic & Translational Center, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: jeffyah@163.com.

MeSH

AnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntiviral AgentsBetacoronavirusCOVID-19Chlorocebus aethiopsCoronavirusCoronavirus 229E, HumanCoronavirus InfectionsCytokinesForsythiaGlucosidesHumansNF-kappa BPandemicsPhytotherapyPlant ExtractsPneumonia, ViralSARS-CoV-2Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeSignal TransductionVero CellsVirus Replication

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32890913

Citation

Ma, Qinhai, et al. "Phillyrin (KD-1) Exerts Anti-viral and Anti-inflammatory Activities Against Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) By Suppressing the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway." Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, vol. 78, 2020, p. 153296.
Ma Q, Li R, Pan W, et al. Phillyrin (KD-1) exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Phytomedicine. 2020;78:153296.
Ma, Q., Li, R., Pan, W., Huang, W., Liu, B., Xie, Y., Wang, Z., Li, C., Jiang, H., Huang, J., Shi, Y., Dai, J., Zheng, K., Li, X., Hui, M., Fu, L., & Yang, Z. (2020). Phillyrin (KD-1) exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, 78, 153296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153296
Ma Q, et al. Phillyrin (KD-1) Exerts Anti-viral and Anti-inflammatory Activities Against Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) By Suppressing the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway. Phytomedicine. 2020;78:153296. PubMed PMID: 32890913.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Phillyrin (KD-1) exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. AU - Ma,Qinhai, AU - Li,Runfeng, AU - Pan,Weiqi, AU - Huang,Wenbo, AU - Liu,Bin, AU - Xie,Yuqi, AU - Wang,Zhoulang, AU - Li,Chufang, AU - Jiang,Haiming, AU - Huang,Jicheng, AU - Shi,Yongxia, AU - Dai,Jun, AU - Zheng,Kui, AU - Li,Xiaobo, AU - Hui,Min, AU - Fu,Li, AU - Yang,Zifeng, Y1 - 2020/08/01/ PY - 2020/03/13/received PY - 2020/07/21/revised PY - 2020/07/31/accepted PY - 2020/9/6/pubmed PY - 2020/10/2/medline PY - 2020/9/5/entrez KW - Anti-inflammatory KW - Antiviral KW - NF-κB KW - Phillyrin (KD-1) KW - SARS-CoV-2 SP - 153296 EP - 153296 JF - Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology JO - Phytomedicine VL - 78 N2 - BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has extensively and rapidly spread in the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. However, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines can be used. Phillyrin (KD-1), a representative ingredient of Forsythia suspensa, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antiviral activities. However, little is known about the antiviral abilities and mechanism of KD-1 against SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of KD-1 against the novel SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E and its potential effect in regulating host immune response in vitro. METHODS: The antiviral activities of KD-1 against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E were assessed in Vero E6 cells using cytopathic effect and plaque-reduction assay. Proinflammatory cytokine expression levels upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E infection in Huh-7 cells were measured by real-time quantitative PCR assays. Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, p-NF-κB p65, IκBα, and p-IκBα in Huh-7 cells, which are the key targets of the NF-κB pathway. RESULTS: KD-1 could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E replication in vitro. KD-1 could also markedly reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IP-10) at the mRNA levels. Moreover, KD-1 could significantly reduce the protein expression of p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, and p-IκBα, while increasing the expression of IκBα in Huh-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS: KD-1 could significantly inhibit virus proliferation in vitro, the up-regulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E by regulating the activity of the NF-кB signaling pathway. Our findings indicated that KD-1 protected against virus attack and can thus be used as a novel strategy for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019. SN - 1618-095X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32890913/Phillyrin__KD_1__exerts_anti_viral_and_anti_inflammatory_activities_against_novel_coronavirus__SARS_CoV_2__and_human_coronavirus_229E__HCoV_229E__by_suppressing_the_nuclear_factor_kappa_B__NF_κB__signaling_pathway_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -