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Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany.
Psychiatry Res. 2020 11; 293:113462.PR

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is suggested to have a negative impact on mental health. To prevent the spread of Sars-CoV-2, governments worldwide have implemented different forms of public health measures ranging from physical distancing recommendations to stay-at-home orders, which have disrupted individuals' everyday life tremendously. However, evidence on the associations of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures with mental health are limited so far. In this study, we investigated the role of sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors for immediate mental health consequences in a nationwide community sample of adults from Germany (N = 4335). Specifically, we examined the effects of different forms and levels of restriction resulting from public health measures (e.g. quarantine, stay-at-home order) on anxiety and depression symptomatology, health anxiety, loneliness, the occurrence of fearful spells, psychosocial distress and life-satisfaction. We found that higher restrictions due to lockdown measures, a greater reduction of social contacts and greater perceived changes in life were associated with higher mental health impairments. Importantly, a subjectively assumed but not an officially announced stay-at-home order was associated with poorer mental health. Our findings underscore the importance of adequate risk communication and targeted mental health recommendations especially for vulnerable groups during these challenging times.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Benke C
Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraβe 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: christoph.benke@uni-marburg.de.
Autenrieth LK
Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraβe 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
Asselmann E
Department of Psychology, Personality Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
Pané-Farré CA
Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraβe 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany.

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnxietyBetacoronavirusCOVID-19Coronavirus InfectionsCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsPneumonia, ViralPsychological DistanceQuarantineSARS-CoV-2Stress, PsychologicalYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

32987222

Citation

Benke, Christoph, et al. "Lockdown, Quarantine Measures, and Social Distancing: Associations With Depression, Anxiety and Distress at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults From Germany." Psychiatry Research, vol. 293, 2020, p. 113462.
Benke C, Autenrieth LK, Asselmann E, et al. Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113462.
Benke, C., Autenrieth, L. K., Asselmann, E., & Pané-Farré, C. A. (2020). Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113462
Benke C, et al. Lockdown, Quarantine Measures, and Social Distancing: Associations With Depression, Anxiety and Distress at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults From Germany. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113462. PubMed PMID: 32987222.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany. AU - Benke,Christoph, AU - Autenrieth,Lara K, AU - Asselmann,Eva, AU - Pané-Farré,Christiane A, Y1 - 2020/09/18/ PY - 2020/07/06/received PY - 2020/09/13/accepted PY - 2020/9/29/pubmed PY - 2020/12/2/medline PY - 2020/9/28/entrez KW - Life-satisfaction KW - Loneliness KW - Panic attack KW - Public health measures SP - 113462 EP - 113462 JF - Psychiatry research JO - Psychiatry Res VL - 293 N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic is suggested to have a negative impact on mental health. To prevent the spread of Sars-CoV-2, governments worldwide have implemented different forms of public health measures ranging from physical distancing recommendations to stay-at-home orders, which have disrupted individuals' everyday life tremendously. However, evidence on the associations of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures with mental health are limited so far. In this study, we investigated the role of sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors for immediate mental health consequences in a nationwide community sample of adults from Germany (N = 4335). Specifically, we examined the effects of different forms and levels of restriction resulting from public health measures (e.g. quarantine, stay-at-home order) on anxiety and depression symptomatology, health anxiety, loneliness, the occurrence of fearful spells, psychosocial distress and life-satisfaction. We found that higher restrictions due to lockdown measures, a greater reduction of social contacts and greater perceived changes in life were associated with higher mental health impairments. Importantly, a subjectively assumed but not an officially announced stay-at-home order was associated with poorer mental health. Our findings underscore the importance of adequate risk communication and targeted mental health recommendations especially for vulnerable groups during these challenging times. SN - 1872-7123 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/32987222/Lockdown_quarantine_measures_and_social_distancing:_Associations_with_depression_anxiety_and_distress_at_the_beginning_of_the_COVID_19_pandemic_among_adults_from_Germany_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165-1781(20)33123-1 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -