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Ontogenetic endocranial shape change in alligators and ostriches and implications for the development of the non-avian dinosaur endocranium.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021 08; 304(8):1759-1775.AR

Abstract

Birds and crocodiles show radically different patterns of brain development, and it is of interest to compare these to determine the pattern of brain growth expected in dinosaurs. Here we provide atlases of 3D brain (endocast) reconstructions for Alligator mississippiensis (alligator) and Struthio camelus (ostrich) through ontogeny, prepared as digital restorations from CT scans of stained head and dry skull specimens. Our morphometric analysis confirms that ostrich brains do not change significantly in shape during postnatal growth, whereas alligator brains unfold from a cramped bird-like shape in the hatchling to an elongate, straight structure in the adult. We confirm that birds exhibit paedomorphic dinosaur endocranial traits such as retaining an enlarged and compact brain shape in the adult, whereas crocodiles show peramorphic traits where the brain elongates with growth as the skull elongates. These atlases of ontogenetic stages of modern bird and crocodilian endocrania provide a basis for comparison of non-avian dinosaur endocasts and consideration of the divergence of the "avian" and "crocodilian" modes of brain development and heterochronic change on phylogenies.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Hu K
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
King JL
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Romick CA
Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
Dufeau DL
Department of Biomedical Science, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Witmer LM
Department of Biomedical Science, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
Stubbs TL
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Rayfield EJ
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Benton MJ
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

MeSH

Alligators and CrocodilesAnimalsBiological EvolutionDinosaursFossilsPhylogenySkullStruthioniformesTomography, X-Ray Computed

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33314780

Citation

Hu, Krishna, et al. "Ontogenetic Endocranial Shape Change in Alligators and Ostriches and Implications for the Development of the Non-avian Dinosaur Endocranium." Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), vol. 304, no. 8, 2021, pp. 1759-1775.
Hu K, King JL, Romick CA, et al. Ontogenetic endocranial shape change in alligators and ostriches and implications for the development of the non-avian dinosaur endocranium. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021;304(8):1759-1775.
Hu, K., King, J. L., Romick, C. A., Dufeau, D. L., Witmer, L. M., Stubbs, T. L., Rayfield, E. J., & Benton, M. J. (2021). Ontogenetic endocranial shape change in alligators and ostriches and implications for the development of the non-avian dinosaur endocranium. Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 304(8), 1759-1775. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24579
Hu K, et al. Ontogenetic Endocranial Shape Change in Alligators and Ostriches and Implications for the Development of the Non-avian Dinosaur Endocranium. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021;304(8):1759-1775. PubMed PMID: 33314780.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Ontogenetic endocranial shape change in alligators and ostriches and implications for the development of the non-avian dinosaur endocranium. AU - Hu,Krishna, AU - King,J Logan, AU - Romick,Cheyenne A, AU - Dufeau,David L, AU - Witmer,Lawrence M, AU - Stubbs,Thomas L, AU - Rayfield,Emily J, AU - Benton,Michael J, Y1 - 2020/12/21/ PY - 2020/11/20/revised PY - 2020/03/10/received PY - 2020/11/27/accepted PY - 2020/12/15/pubmed PY - 2021/9/29/medline PY - 2020/12/14/entrez KW - archosaurs KW - endocast KW - heterochrony KW - morphometrics KW - non-avian dinosaur SP - 1759 EP - 1775 JF - Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) JO - Anat Rec (Hoboken) VL - 304 IS - 8 N2 - Birds and crocodiles show radically different patterns of brain development, and it is of interest to compare these to determine the pattern of brain growth expected in dinosaurs. Here we provide atlases of 3D brain (endocast) reconstructions for Alligator mississippiensis (alligator) and Struthio camelus (ostrich) through ontogeny, prepared as digital restorations from CT scans of stained head and dry skull specimens. Our morphometric analysis confirms that ostrich brains do not change significantly in shape during postnatal growth, whereas alligator brains unfold from a cramped bird-like shape in the hatchling to an elongate, straight structure in the adult. We confirm that birds exhibit paedomorphic dinosaur endocranial traits such as retaining an enlarged and compact brain shape in the adult, whereas crocodiles show peramorphic traits where the brain elongates with growth as the skull elongates. These atlases of ontogenetic stages of modern bird and crocodilian endocrania provide a basis for comparison of non-avian dinosaur endocasts and consideration of the divergence of the "avian" and "crocodilian" modes of brain development and heterochronic change on phylogenies. SN - 1932-8494 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33314780/Ontogenetic_endocranial_shape_change_in_alligators_and_ostriches_and_implications_for_the_development_of_the_non_avian_dinosaur_endocranium_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -