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Two cryptic species of California mustard within Caulanthus lasiophyllus.
Am J Bot. 2020 12; 107(12):1815-1830.AJ

Abstract

PREMISE

Cryptic species are evolutionarily distinct lineages lacking distinguishing morphological traits. Hidden diversity may be lurking in widespread species whose distributions cross phylogeographic barriers. This study investigates molecular and morphological variation in the widely distributed Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Brassicaceae) in comparison to its closest relatives.

METHODS

Fifty-two individuals of C. lasiophyllus from across the species' range were sequenced for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the chloroplast trnL-F region. A subset of these samples were examined for the chloroplast ndhF gene. All 52 individuals were scored for 13 morphological traits, as well as monthly and annual climate conditions at the collection locality. Morphological and molecular results are compared with the closest relatives-C. anceps and C. flavescens-in the "Guillenia Clade." To test for polyploidy, genome size estimates were made for four populations.

RESULTS

Caulanthus lasiophyllus consists of two distinct lineages separated by eight ITS differences-eight times more variation than what distinguishes C. anceps and C. flavescens. Fewer variable sites were detected in trnL-F and ndhF regions, yet these data are consistent with the ITS results. The two lineages of C. lasiophyllus are geographically and climatically distinct; yet morphologically overlapping. Their genome sizes are not consistently different.

CONCLUSIONS

Two cryptic species within C. lasiophyllus are distinguished at the molecular, geographic, and climatic scales. They have similar genome sizes and are morphologically broadly overlapping, but an ephemeral basal leaf character may help distinguish the species.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Whittall JB
Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA.
Butler TM
Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA.
Dick C
Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA.
Sandel B
Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA.

MeSH

Base SequenceCaliforniaDNA, ChloroplastGenetic VariationMustard PlantPhylogenySequence Analysis, DNA

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33370466

Citation

Whittall, Justen B., et al. "Two Cryptic Species of California Mustard Within Caulanthus Lasiophyllus." American Journal of Botany, vol. 107, no. 12, 2020, pp. 1815-1830.
Whittall JB, Butler TM, Dick C, et al. Two cryptic species of California mustard within Caulanthus lasiophyllus. Am J Bot. 2020;107(12):1815-1830.
Whittall, J. B., Butler, T. M., Dick, C., & Sandel, B. (2020). Two cryptic species of California mustard within Caulanthus lasiophyllus. American Journal of Botany, 107(12), 1815-1830. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1562
Whittall JB, et al. Two Cryptic Species of California Mustard Within Caulanthus Lasiophyllus. Am J Bot. 2020;107(12):1815-1830. PubMed PMID: 33370466.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Two cryptic species of California mustard within Caulanthus lasiophyllus. AU - Whittall,Justen B, AU - Butler,Timothy M, AU - Dick,Cynthia, AU - Sandel,Brody, PY - 2020/03/30/received PY - 2020/08/03/accepted PY - 2020/12/28/entrez PY - 2020/12/29/pubmed PY - 2021/1/29/medline KW - Brassicaceae KW - California mustard KW - annual precipitation KW - chloroplast ndhF gene KW - chloroplast trnL-F region KW - internal transcribed spacer region KW - mean temperature KW - morphological analysis SP - 1815 EP - 1830 JF - American journal of botany JO - Am J Bot VL - 107 IS - 12 N2 - PREMISE: Cryptic species are evolutionarily distinct lineages lacking distinguishing morphological traits. Hidden diversity may be lurking in widespread species whose distributions cross phylogeographic barriers. This study investigates molecular and morphological variation in the widely distributed Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Brassicaceae) in comparison to its closest relatives. METHODS: Fifty-two individuals of C. lasiophyllus from across the species' range were sequenced for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the chloroplast trnL-F region. A subset of these samples were examined for the chloroplast ndhF gene. All 52 individuals were scored for 13 morphological traits, as well as monthly and annual climate conditions at the collection locality. Morphological and molecular results are compared with the closest relatives-C. anceps and C. flavescens-in the "Guillenia Clade." To test for polyploidy, genome size estimates were made for four populations. RESULTS: Caulanthus lasiophyllus consists of two distinct lineages separated by eight ITS differences-eight times more variation than what distinguishes C. anceps and C. flavescens. Fewer variable sites were detected in trnL-F and ndhF regions, yet these data are consistent with the ITS results. The two lineages of C. lasiophyllus are geographically and climatically distinct; yet morphologically overlapping. Their genome sizes are not consistently different. CONCLUSIONS: Two cryptic species within C. lasiophyllus are distinguished at the molecular, geographic, and climatic scales. They have similar genome sizes and are morphologically broadly overlapping, but an ephemeral basal leaf character may help distinguish the species. SN - 1537-2197 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33370466/Two_cryptic_species_of_California_mustard_within_Caulanthus_lasiophyllus_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -