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COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment.
J Community Health. 2021 04; 46(2):270-277.JC

Abstract

Given the results from early trials, COVID-19 vaccines will be available by 2021. However, little is known about what Americans think of getting immunized with a COVID-19 vaccine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive and systematic national assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a community-based sample of the American adult population. A multi-item valid and reliable questionnaire was deployed online via mTurk and social media sites to recruit U.S. adults from the general population. A total of 1878 individuals participated in the study where the majority were: females (52%), Whites (74%), non-Hispanic (81%), married (56%), employed full time (68%), and with a bachelor's degree or higher (77%). The likelihood of getting a COVID-19 immunization in the study population was: very likely (52%), somewhat likely (27%), not likely (15%), definitely not (7%), with individuals who had lower education, income, or perceived threat of getting infected being more likely to report that they were not likely/definitely not going to get COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., vaccine hesitancy). In unadjusted group comparisons, compared to their counterparts, vaccine hesitancy was higher among African-Americans (34%), Hispanics (29%), those who had children at home (25%), rural dwellers (29%), people in the northeastern U.S. (25%), and those who identified as Republicans (29%). In multiple regression analyses, vaccine hesitancy was predicted significantly by sex, education, employment, income, having children at home, political affiliation, and the perceived threat of getting infected with COVID-19 in the next 1 year. Given the high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, evidence-based communication, mass media strategies, and policy measures will have to be implemented across the U.S. to convert vaccines into vaccinations and mass immunization with special attention to the groups identified in this study.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Khubchandani J
Department of Public Health Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA. jagdish@nmsu.edu.
Sharma S
Miller College of Business, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA.
Price JH
Department of Population Health, Emeritus Professor of Public Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
Wiblishauser MJ
Department of Health Studies, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX, 77901, USA.
Sharma M
Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89119, USA.
Webb FJ
Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.

MeSH

AdultCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesFemaleHumansMalePatient Acceptance of Health CarePatient ComplianceSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited StatesVaccinationVaccination Refusal

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33389421

Clinical Trial Links

Estradiol and Progesterone in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Parental Perception of COVID-19 Vaccine in Technology Dependent Patients

Citation

Khubchandani, Jagdish, et al. "COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: a Rapid National Assessment." Journal of Community Health, vol. 46, no. 2, 2021, pp. 270-277.
Khubchandani J, Sharma S, Price JH, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment. J Community Health. 2021;46(2):270-277.
Khubchandani, J., Sharma, S., Price, J. H., Wiblishauser, M. J., Sharma, M., & Webb, F. J. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment. Journal of Community Health, 46(2), 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00958-x
Khubchandani J, et al. COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: a Rapid National Assessment. J Community Health. 2021;46(2):270-277. PubMed PMID: 33389421.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Rapid National Assessment. AU - Khubchandani,Jagdish, AU - Sharma,Sushil, AU - Price,James H, AU - Wiblishauser,Michael J, AU - Sharma,Manoj, AU - Webb,Fern J, Y1 - 2021/01/03/ PY - 2020/12/10/accepted PY - 2021/1/4/pubmed PY - 2021/3/16/medline PY - 2021/1/3/entrez KW - COVID-19 KW - Infection KW - Pandemic KW - Prevention KW - Public health KW - Vaccine SP - 270 EP - 277 JF - Journal of community health JO - J Community Health VL - 46 IS - 2 N2 - Given the results from early trials, COVID-19 vaccines will be available by 2021. However, little is known about what Americans think of getting immunized with a COVID-19 vaccine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive and systematic national assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a community-based sample of the American adult population. A multi-item valid and reliable questionnaire was deployed online via mTurk and social media sites to recruit U.S. adults from the general population. A total of 1878 individuals participated in the study where the majority were: females (52%), Whites (74%), non-Hispanic (81%), married (56%), employed full time (68%), and with a bachelor's degree or higher (77%). The likelihood of getting a COVID-19 immunization in the study population was: very likely (52%), somewhat likely (27%), not likely (15%), definitely not (7%), with individuals who had lower education, income, or perceived threat of getting infected being more likely to report that they were not likely/definitely not going to get COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., vaccine hesitancy). In unadjusted group comparisons, compared to their counterparts, vaccine hesitancy was higher among African-Americans (34%), Hispanics (29%), those who had children at home (25%), rural dwellers (29%), people in the northeastern U.S. (25%), and those who identified as Republicans (29%). In multiple regression analyses, vaccine hesitancy was predicted significantly by sex, education, employment, income, having children at home, political affiliation, and the perceived threat of getting infected with COVID-19 in the next 1 year. Given the high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, evidence-based communication, mass media strategies, and policy measures will have to be implemented across the U.S. to convert vaccines into vaccinations and mass immunization with special attention to the groups identified in this study. SN - 1573-3610 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33389421/COVID_19_Vaccination_Hesitancy_in_the_United_States:_A_Rapid_National_Assessment_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -