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MERS-CoV: epidemiology, molecular dynamics, therapeutics, and future challenges.
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2021 Jan 18; 20(1):8.AC

Abstract

The Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gained research attention worldwide, given the current pandemic. Nevertheless, a previous zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronavirus, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is still causing concern, especially in Saudi Arabia and neighbour countries. The MERS-CoV has been reported from respiratory samples in more than 27 countries, and around 2500 cases have been reported with an approximate fatality rate of 35%. After its emergence in 2012 intermittent, sporadic cases, nosocomial infections and many community clusters of MERS continued to occur in many countries. Human-to-human transmission resulted in the large outbreaks in Saudi Arabia. The inherent genetic variability among various clads of the MERS-CoV might have probably paved the events of cross-species transmission along with changes in the inter-species and intra-species tropism. The current review is drafted using an extensive review of literature on various databases, selecting of publications irrespective of favouring or opposing, assessing the merit of study, the abstraction of data and analysing data. The genome of MERS-CoV contains around thirty thousand nucleotides having seven predicted open reading frames. Spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are the four main structural proteins. The surface located spike protein (S) of betacoronaviruses has been established to be one of the significant factors in their zoonotic transmission through virus-receptor recognition mediation and subsequent initiation of viral infection. Three regions in Saudi Arabia (KSA), Eastern Province, Riyadh and Makkah were affected severely. The epidemic progression had been the highest in 2014 in Makkah and Riyadh and Eastern Province in 2013. With a lurking epidemic scare, there is a crucial need for effective therapeutic and immunological remedies constructed on sound molecular investigations.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Rabaan AA
Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Al-Ahmed SH
Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia.
Sah R
Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Alqumber MA
Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia.
Haque S
Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Patel SK
Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
Pathak M
Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
Tiwari R
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India.
Yatoo MI
Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
Haq AU
Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Shuhama, Srinagar, 190006, India.
Bilal M
School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
Dhama K
Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India. kdhama@rediffmail.com.
Rodriguez-Morales AJ
Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia. arodriguezm@utp.edu.co. Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. arodriguezm@utp.edu.co. School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia. arodriguezm@utp.edu.co.

MeSH

Antiviral AgentsCoronavirus InfectionsCoronavirus M ProteinsCoronavirus Nucleocapsid ProteinsCross InfectionDisease OutbreaksHumansMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome CoronavirusPhylogenyRNA, ViralSaudi ArabiaSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusViroporin Proteins

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33461573

Citation

Rabaan, Ali A., et al. "MERS-CoV: Epidemiology, Molecular Dynamics, Therapeutics, and Future Challenges." Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, vol. 20, no. 1, 2021, p. 8.
Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Sah R, et al. MERS-CoV: epidemiology, molecular dynamics, therapeutics, and future challenges. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2021;20(1):8.
Rabaan, A. A., Al-Ahmed, S. H., Sah, R., Alqumber, M. A., Haque, S., Patel, S. K., Pathak, M., Tiwari, R., Yatoo, M. I., Haq, A. U., Bilal, M., Dhama, K., & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2021). MERS-CoV: epidemiology, molecular dynamics, therapeutics, and future challenges. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 20(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-020-00414-7
Rabaan AA, et al. MERS-CoV: Epidemiology, Molecular Dynamics, Therapeutics, and Future Challenges. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2021 Jan 18;20(1):8. PubMed PMID: 33461573.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - MERS-CoV: epidemiology, molecular dynamics, therapeutics, and future challenges. AU - Rabaan,Ali A, AU - Al-Ahmed,Shamsah H, AU - Sah,Ranjit, AU - Alqumber,Mohammed A, AU - Haque,Shafiul, AU - Patel,Shailesh Kumar, AU - Pathak,Mamta, AU - Tiwari,Ruchi, AU - Yatoo,Mohd Iqbal, AU - Haq,Abrar Ul, AU - Bilal,Muhammad, AU - Dhama,Kuldeep, AU - Rodriguez-Morales,Alfonso J, Y1 - 2021/01/18/ PY - 2020/04/29/received PY - 2020/12/22/accepted PY - 2021/1/19/entrez PY - 2021/1/20/pubmed PY - 2021/1/26/medline KW - Challenges KW - Epidemiology KW - MERS-CoV KW - Molecular dynamics KW - Pathology KW - Phylogeny KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - Therapeutics SP - 8 EP - 8 JF - Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials JO - Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob VL - 20 IS - 1 N2 - The Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gained research attention worldwide, given the current pandemic. Nevertheless, a previous zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronavirus, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is still causing concern, especially in Saudi Arabia and neighbour countries. The MERS-CoV has been reported from respiratory samples in more than 27 countries, and around 2500 cases have been reported with an approximate fatality rate of 35%. After its emergence in 2012 intermittent, sporadic cases, nosocomial infections and many community clusters of MERS continued to occur in many countries. Human-to-human transmission resulted in the large outbreaks in Saudi Arabia. The inherent genetic variability among various clads of the MERS-CoV might have probably paved the events of cross-species transmission along with changes in the inter-species and intra-species tropism. The current review is drafted using an extensive review of literature on various databases, selecting of publications irrespective of favouring or opposing, assessing the merit of study, the abstraction of data and analysing data. The genome of MERS-CoV contains around thirty thousand nucleotides having seven predicted open reading frames. Spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are the four main structural proteins. The surface located spike protein (S) of betacoronaviruses has been established to be one of the significant factors in their zoonotic transmission through virus-receptor recognition mediation and subsequent initiation of viral infection. Three regions in Saudi Arabia (KSA), Eastern Province, Riyadh and Makkah were affected severely. The epidemic progression had been the highest in 2014 in Makkah and Riyadh and Eastern Province in 2013. With a lurking epidemic scare, there is a crucial need for effective therapeutic and immunological remedies constructed on sound molecular investigations. SN - 1476-0711 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33461573/MERS_CoV:_epidemiology_molecular_dynamics_therapeutics_and_future_challenges_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -