TY - JOUR T1 - A Neurotoxic Snake Venom without Phospholipase A2: Proteomics and Cross-Neutralization of the Venom from Senegalese Cobra, Naja senegalensis (Subgenus: Uraeus). AU - Wong,Kin Ying, AU - Tan,Kae Yi, AU - Tan,Nget Hong, AU - Tan,Choo Hock, Y1 - 2021/01/14/ PY - 2020/12/01/received PY - 2020/12/22/revised PY - 2021/01/07/accepted PY - 2021/1/20/entrez PY - 2021/1/21/pubmed PY - 2021/7/22/medline KW - Naja (Uraeus) senegalensis KW - Naja haje complex KW - antivenom neutralization KW - immunoreactivity KW - snakebite envenomation KW - venomics JF - Toxins JO - Toxins (Basel) VL - 13 IS - 1 N2 - The Senegalese cobra, Naja senegalensis, is a non-spitting cobra species newly erected from the Naja haje complex. Naja senegalensis causes neurotoxic envenomation in Western Africa but its venom properties remain underexplored. Applying a protein decomplexation proteomic approach, this study unveiled the unique complexity of the venom composition. Three-finger toxins constituted the major component, accounting for 75.91% of total venom proteins. Of these, cardiotoxin/cytotoxin (~53%) and alpha-neurotoxins (~23%) predominated in the venom proteome. Phospholipase A2, however, was not present in the venom, suggesting a unique snake venom phenotype found in this species. The venom, despite the absence of PLA2, is highly lethal with an intravenous LD50 of 0.39 µg/g in mice, consistent with the high abundance of alpha-neurotoxins (predominating long neurotoxins) in the venom. The hetero-specific VINS African Polyvalent Antivenom (VAPAV) was immunoreactive to the venom, implying conserved protein antigenicity in the venoms of N. senegalensis and N. haje. Furthermore, VAPAV was able to cross-neutralize the lethal effect of N. senegalensis venom but the potency was limited (0.59 mg venom completely neutralized per mL antivenom, or ~82 LD50 per ml of antivenom). The efficacy of antivenom should be further improved to optimize the treatment of cobra bite envenomation in Africa. SN - 2072-6651 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33466660/A_Neurotoxic_Snake_Venom_without_Phospholipase_A2:_Proteomics_and_Cross_Neutralization_of_the_Venom_from_Senegalese_Cobra_Naja_senegalensis__Subgenus:_Uraeus__ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -