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A narrative review on the basic and clinical aspects of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19.
Ann Transl Med. 2020 Dec; 8(24):1686.AT

Abstract

The novel SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for causing the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), a systemic infection in humans. Ever since it was first detected in December 2019, the number of confirmed cases has continued to increase. Within a short period, this disease has become a global issue, and therefore it is characterized as a pandemic. The current understanding and explanations are based on epidemiological, clinical and physiological observations. Besides, it remains a great challenge, as much remains to be understood about this new disease-causing virus. Therefore, we seek to provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2, including its classification, origin, genomic structure, replication cycle, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatments, prevention and vaccine options. We conducted a literature search for the articles published up to August 2020 using the keywords 'SAR-CoV-2' and 'COVID19' in medical databases; PubMed, google scholar, EMBASE, and web of science. Based on the information collected, the emerging COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, exhibits strong infectivity but less virulence in terms of severity of disease and mortality rates in certain age groups. It inflicts more damage in terms of peoples' health and well-being, social life, and global economic impacts. Unfortunately, there is no adequate global and standard response to this pandemic to date, and each country is facing a crisis based on its situation, expertise, and hypotheses. While there is no effective therapy and vaccine against the novel SARS-CoV-2 yet, preventive measures are the only tool available to our disposal to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ongoing and future research is focused more on developing standard treatment strategies, and efficacious vaccines, which would be useful to tackle this pandemic globally.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Hokello J
Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
Sharma AL
Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Shukla GC
Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Tyagi M
Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33490198

Citation

Hokello, Joseph, et al. "A Narrative Review On the Basic and Clinical Aspects of the Novel SARS-CoV-2, the Etiologic Agent of COVID-19." Annals of Translational Medicine, vol. 8, no. 24, 2020, p. 1686.
Hokello J, Sharma AL, Shukla GC, et al. A narrative review on the basic and clinical aspects of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(24):1686.
Hokello, J., Sharma, A. L., Shukla, G. C., & Tyagi, M. (2020). A narrative review on the basic and clinical aspects of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19. Annals of Translational Medicine, 8(24), 1686. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-5272
Hokello J, et al. A Narrative Review On the Basic and Clinical Aspects of the Novel SARS-CoV-2, the Etiologic Agent of COVID-19. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(24):1686. PubMed PMID: 33490198.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - A narrative review on the basic and clinical aspects of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19. AU - Hokello,Joseph, AU - Sharma,Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar, AU - Shukla,Girish C, AU - Tyagi,Mudit, PY - 2021/1/25/entrez PY - 2021/1/26/pubmed PY - 2021/1/26/medline KW - Replication KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) KW - pathogenesis KW - transmission SP - 1686 EP - 1686 JF - Annals of translational medicine JO - Ann Transl Med VL - 8 IS - 24 N2 - The novel SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for causing the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), a systemic infection in humans. Ever since it was first detected in December 2019, the number of confirmed cases has continued to increase. Within a short period, this disease has become a global issue, and therefore it is characterized as a pandemic. The current understanding and explanations are based on epidemiological, clinical and physiological observations. Besides, it remains a great challenge, as much remains to be understood about this new disease-causing virus. Therefore, we seek to provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2, including its classification, origin, genomic structure, replication cycle, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatments, prevention and vaccine options. We conducted a literature search for the articles published up to August 2020 using the keywords 'SAR-CoV-2' and 'COVID19' in medical databases; PubMed, google scholar, EMBASE, and web of science. Based on the information collected, the emerging COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, exhibits strong infectivity but less virulence in terms of severity of disease and mortality rates in certain age groups. It inflicts more damage in terms of peoples' health and well-being, social life, and global economic impacts. Unfortunately, there is no adequate global and standard response to this pandemic to date, and each country is facing a crisis based on its situation, expertise, and hypotheses. While there is no effective therapy and vaccine against the novel SARS-CoV-2 yet, preventive measures are the only tool available to our disposal to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ongoing and future research is focused more on developing standard treatment strategies, and efficacious vaccines, which would be useful to tackle this pandemic globally. SN - 2305-5839 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33490198/A_narrative_review_on_the_basic_and_clinical_aspects_of_the_novel_SARS_CoV_2_the_etiologic_agent_of_COVID_19_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -