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Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae).
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2021 05 19; 84(10):399-417.JT

Abstract

Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae), a shrub popularly known as mofumbo, is used in folk medicine for treatment of uterine bleeding, pertussis, gastric pain, and as a sedative. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the phytochemical profile,(2) identify chemical constituents and (3) examine antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts and fractions of stem bark and leaves. The plant material (leaf and stem bark) was submitted to extraction with ethanol, followed by partition using hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. It was possible to identify and quantify the epicatechin in the ethanolic stem bark extract (0.065 mg/g extract) and rutin in the leaf extract (3.33 mg/g extract). Based upon in vitro tests a significant relationship was noted between findings from antioxidant tests and levels of total phenolic and flavonoid. Comparing all samples (extracts and fractions), the ethyl acetate fractions of stem bark (411.40 ± 15.38 GAE/g) and leaves (225.49 ± 9.47 GAE/g) exhibited higher phenolic content, whereas hexanic fraction of stem bark (124.28 ± 56 mg/g sample) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (238.91 ± 1.73 mg/g sample) demonstrated a higher content of flavonoids. Among the antioxidant tests, the intermediate fraction of stem bark (28.5 ± 0.60 μg/ml) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (40 ± 0.56 μg/ml) displayed a higher % inhibition of free radical DPPH activity, whereas intermediate fraction of stem bark (27.5 ± 0.9 μg/ml) and hydromethanol fraction of leaves (81 ± 1.4 μg/ml) demonstrated inhibition of the free radical ABTS. In biological tests (Allium cepa and micronucleus in peripheral blood), data showed that none of the tested concentrations of ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem bark produced significant cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenic activity.Abbreviations AA%: percentage of antioxidant activity; ABTS: 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); CEUA: Ethics Committee in the Use of Animals; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; EEB: ethanol extract of the stem bark; HFB: Hexanic fraction of stem bark; IFB: Intermediate fraction of stem bark; CFB: Chloroform fraction of stem bark; EAFB: Ethyl acetate fraction of stem bark; HMFB: Hydromethanol fraction of the stem bark; EEL: Ethanol extract from leaves; HFL: Hexane fraction of leaves; CFL: Chloroform fraction of leaves; EAFL: Ethyl acetate fraction of leaves; HMFL: Hydromethanol fraction of leaves; GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalent; IC50: 50% inhibition concentration; HCOOH: Formic acid; HCl: hydrochloric acid; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; MN: micronucleus; WHO: World Health Organization; UFLC: Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography; UESPI: State University of Piauí.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Sousa HG
Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Uchôa VT
Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Cavalcanti SMG
Coordination of Physiotherapy,Health Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
de Almeida PM
Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetics, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Chaves MH
Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Lima Neto JS
Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Nunes PHM
Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí.
da Costa Júnior JS
Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal Institute of Piauí (IFPI), Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Rai M
Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
Do Carmo IS
Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
de Sousa EA
Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.

MeSH

AntioxidantsCombretumCytotoxinsFlavonoidsMicronucleus TestsMutagensOnionsPhenolsPhytochemicalsPlant BarkPlant ExtractsPlant LeavesPlant Stems

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33494643

Citation

Sousa, Herbert Gonzaga, et al. "Phytochemical Screening, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant and Cytogenotoxicity Activities of Combretum Leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae)." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A, vol. 84, no. 10, 2021, pp. 399-417.
Sousa HG, Uchôa VT, Cavalcanti SMG, et al. Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2021;84(10):399-417.
Sousa, H. G., Uchôa, V. T., Cavalcanti, S. M. G., de Almeida, P. M., Chaves, M. H., Lima Neto, J. S., Nunes, P. H. M., da Costa Júnior, J. S., Rai, M., Do Carmo, I. S., & de Sousa, E. A. (2021). Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A, 84(10), 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2021.1875345
Sousa HG, et al. Phytochemical Screening, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant and Cytogenotoxicity Activities of Combretum Leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2021 05 19;84(10):399-417. PubMed PMID: 33494643.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). AU - Sousa,Herbert Gonzaga, AU - Uchôa,Valdiléia Teixeira, AU - Cavalcanti,Suzana Maria Galvão, AU - de Almeida,Pedro Marcos, AU - Chaves,Mariana Helena, AU - Lima Neto,José De Sousa, AU - Nunes,Paulo Humberto Moreira, AU - da Costa Júnior,Joaquim Soares, AU - Rai,Mahendra, AU - Do Carmo,Iolanda Souza, AU - de Sousa,Elcilene Alves, Y1 - 2021/01/25/ PY - 2021/1/27/pubmed PY - 2021/9/18/medline PY - 2021/1/26/entrez KW - Chemical constituents KW - antioxidant KW - combretum leprosum KW - cytogenotoxic SP - 399 EP - 417 JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A JO - J Toxicol Environ Health A VL - 84 IS - 10 N2 - Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae), a shrub popularly known as mofumbo, is used in folk medicine for treatment of uterine bleeding, pertussis, gastric pain, and as a sedative. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the phytochemical profile,(2) identify chemical constituents and (3) examine antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts and fractions of stem bark and leaves. The plant material (leaf and stem bark) was submitted to extraction with ethanol, followed by partition using hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. It was possible to identify and quantify the epicatechin in the ethanolic stem bark extract (0.065 mg/g extract) and rutin in the leaf extract (3.33 mg/g extract). Based upon in vitro tests a significant relationship was noted between findings from antioxidant tests and levels of total phenolic and flavonoid. Comparing all samples (extracts and fractions), the ethyl acetate fractions of stem bark (411.40 ± 15.38 GAE/g) and leaves (225.49 ± 9.47 GAE/g) exhibited higher phenolic content, whereas hexanic fraction of stem bark (124.28 ± 56 mg/g sample) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (238.91 ± 1.73 mg/g sample) demonstrated a higher content of flavonoids. Among the antioxidant tests, the intermediate fraction of stem bark (28.5 ± 0.60 μg/ml) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (40 ± 0.56 μg/ml) displayed a higher % inhibition of free radical DPPH activity, whereas intermediate fraction of stem bark (27.5 ± 0.9 μg/ml) and hydromethanol fraction of leaves (81 ± 1.4 μg/ml) demonstrated inhibition of the free radical ABTS. In biological tests (Allium cepa and micronucleus in peripheral blood), data showed that none of the tested concentrations of ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem bark produced significant cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenic activity.Abbreviations AA%: percentage of antioxidant activity; ABTS: 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); CEUA: Ethics Committee in the Use of Animals; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; EEB: ethanol extract of the stem bark; HFB: Hexanic fraction of stem bark; IFB: Intermediate fraction of stem bark; CFB: Chloroform fraction of stem bark; EAFB: Ethyl acetate fraction of stem bark; HMFB: Hydromethanol fraction of the stem bark; EEL: Ethanol extract from leaves; HFL: Hexane fraction of leaves; CFL: Chloroform fraction of leaves; EAFL: Ethyl acetate fraction of leaves; HMFL: Hydromethanol fraction of leaves; GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalent; IC50: 50% inhibition concentration; HCOOH: Formic acid; HCl: hydrochloric acid; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; MN: micronucleus; WHO: World Health Organization; UFLC: Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography; UESPI: State University of Piauí. SN - 1528-7394 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33494643/Phytochemical_screening_phenolic_and_flavonoid_contents_antioxidant_and_cytogenotoxicity_activities_of_Combretum_leprosum_Mart___Combretaceae__ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -