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Carrageenan-containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021 05 01; 320(5):L750-L756.AJ

Abstract

Pharmaceutical interventions are urgently needed to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission. As SARS-CoV-2 infects and spreads via the nasopharyngeal airways, we analyzed the antiviral effect of selected nasal and oral sprays on virus infection in vitro. Two nose sprays showed virucidal activity but were cytotoxic precluding further analysis in cell culture. One nasal and one mouth spray suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection of TMPRSS2-expressing Vero E6 cells and primary differentiated human airway epithelial cultures. The antiviral activity in both sprays could be attributed to polyanionic ι- and κ-carrageenans. Thus, application of carrageenan-containing nasal and mouth sprays may reduce the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and may limit viral spread, warranting further clinical evaluation.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Schütz D
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Conzelmann C
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Fois G
Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Groβ R
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Weil T
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Wettstein L
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Stenger S
Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Zelikin A
Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Hoffmann TK
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Frick M
Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Müller JA
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Münch J
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.

MeSH

AdultAnimalsAntiviral AgentsCOVID-19CarrageenanCell LineChlorocebus aethiopsEpithelial CellsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNasal SpraysOral SpraysSARS-CoV-2Serine EndopeptidasesVero CellsCOVID-19 Drug Treatment

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33561380

Citation

Schütz, Desiree, et al. "Carrageenan-containing Over-the-counter Nasal and Oral Sprays Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Airway Epithelial Cultures." American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, vol. 320, no. 5, 2021, pp. L750-L756.
Schütz D, Conzelmann C, Fois G, et al. Carrageenan-containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021;320(5):L750-L756.
Schütz, D., Conzelmann, C., Fois, G., Groβ, R., Weil, T., Wettstein, L., Stenger, S., Zelikin, A., Hoffmann, T. K., Frick, M., Müller, J. A., & Münch, J. (2021). Carrageenan-containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures. American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 320(5), L750-L756. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00552.2020
Schütz D, et al. Carrageenan-containing Over-the-counter Nasal and Oral Sprays Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Airway Epithelial Cultures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021 05 1;320(5):L750-L756. PubMed PMID: 33561380.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Carrageenan-containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures. AU - Schütz,Desiree, AU - Conzelmann,Carina, AU - Fois,Giorgio, AU - Groβ,Rüdiger, AU - Weil,Tatjana, AU - Wettstein,Lukas, AU - Stenger,Steffen, AU - Zelikin,Alexander, AU - Hoffmann,Thomas K, AU - Frick,Manfred, AU - Müller,Janis A, AU - Münch,Jan, Y1 - 2021/02/09/ PY - 2021/2/10/pubmed PY - 2021/5/13/medline PY - 2021/2/9/entrez KW - carrageenan KW - sulfated polysaccharides KW - virucidal KW - virus inhibition KW - virus transmission SP - L750 EP - L756 JF - American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology JO - Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol VL - 320 IS - 5 N2 - Pharmaceutical interventions are urgently needed to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission. As SARS-CoV-2 infects and spreads via the nasopharyngeal airways, we analyzed the antiviral effect of selected nasal and oral sprays on virus infection in vitro. Two nose sprays showed virucidal activity but were cytotoxic precluding further analysis in cell culture. One nasal and one mouth spray suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection of TMPRSS2-expressing Vero E6 cells and primary differentiated human airway epithelial cultures. The antiviral activity in both sprays could be attributed to polyanionic ι- and κ-carrageenans. Thus, application of carrageenan-containing nasal and mouth sprays may reduce the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and may limit viral spread, warranting further clinical evaluation. SN - 1522-1504 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33561380/Carrageenan_containing_over_the_counter_nasal_and_oral_sprays_inhibit_SARS_CoV_2_infection_of_airway_epithelial_cultures_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -