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Formation and control of C- and N-DBPs during disinfection of filter backwash and sedimentation sludge water in drinking water treatment.
Water Res. 2021 Apr 15; 194:116964.WR

Abstract

Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) produce filter backwash water (FBW) and sedimentation sludge water (SSW) that may be partially recycled to the head of DWTPs. The impacts of key disinfection conditions, water quality parameters (e.g., disinfection times, disinfectant types and doses, and pH values), and bromide concentration on controlling the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), and haloacetamides (HAMs) during disinfection of FBW and SSW were investigated. Concentrations of most disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and associated calculated toxicity increased with extended chlorination for both FBW and SSW. During chlorination of both FBW and SSW, elevated chlorine doses significantly increased THM yields per unit dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased HAN and HAM yields, with minimum effect on HAA yields. Chloramine disinfection effectively inhibited C-DBP formation but promoted N-DBPs yields, which increased with chloramine dose. Calculated toxicities after chloramination increased with chloramine dose, which was opposite to the trend found after free chlorine addition. An examination of pH effects demonstrated that C-DBPs were more readily generated at alkaline pH (pH=8), while acidic conditions (pH=6) favored N-DBP formation. Total DBP concentrations increased at higher pH levels, but calculated DBP toxicity deceased due to lower HAN and HAM concentrations. Addition of bromide markedly increased bromo-THM and bromo-HAN formation, which are more cytotoxic than chlorinated analogues, but had little impact on the formation of HAAs and HAMs. Bromide incorporation factors (BIFs) for THMs and HANs from both water samples all significantly increased as bromide concentrations increased. Overall, high bromide concentrations increased the calculated toxicity values in FBW and SSW after chlorination. Therefore, while currently challenging, technologies capable of removing bromide should be explored as part of a strategy towards controlling cumulative toxicity burden (i.e., hazard) while simultaneously lowering individual DBP concentrations (i.e., exposure) to manage DBP risks in drinking water.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Qian Y
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China.
Chen Y
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China.
Hu Y
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China.
Hanigan D
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA.
Westerhoff P
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0258, USA.
An D
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China. Electronic address: andong@fudan.edu.cn.

MeSH

ChlorineDisinfectantsDisinfectionDrinking WaterHalogenationSewageTrihalomethanesWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater Purification

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33652228

Citation

Qian, Yunkun, et al. "Formation and Control of C- and N-DBPs During Disinfection of Filter Backwash and Sedimentation Sludge Water in Drinking Water Treatment." Water Research, vol. 194, 2021, p. 116964.
Qian Y, Chen Y, Hu Y, et al. Formation and control of C- and N-DBPs during disinfection of filter backwash and sedimentation sludge water in drinking water treatment. Water Res. 2021;194:116964.
Qian, Y., Chen, Y., Hu, Y., Hanigan, D., Westerhoff, P., & An, D. (2021). Formation and control of C- and N-DBPs during disinfection of filter backwash and sedimentation sludge water in drinking water treatment. Water Research, 194, 116964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.116964
Qian Y, et al. Formation and Control of C- and N-DBPs During Disinfection of Filter Backwash and Sedimentation Sludge Water in Drinking Water Treatment. Water Res. 2021 Apr 15;194:116964. PubMed PMID: 33652228.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Formation and control of C- and N-DBPs during disinfection of filter backwash and sedimentation sludge water in drinking water treatment. AU - Qian,Yunkun, AU - Chen,Yanan, AU - Hu,Yue, AU - Hanigan,David, AU - Westerhoff,Paul, AU - An,Dong, Y1 - 2021/02/23/ PY - 2020/12/06/received PY - 2021/02/04/revised PY - 2021/02/22/accepted PY - 2021/3/3/pubmed PY - 2021/3/18/medline PY - 2021/3/2/entrez KW - Calculated toxicity KW - Filter backwash water KW - disinfection byproducts KW - sedimentation sludge water SP - 116964 EP - 116964 JF - Water research JO - Water Res VL - 194 N2 - Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) produce filter backwash water (FBW) and sedimentation sludge water (SSW) that may be partially recycled to the head of DWTPs. The impacts of key disinfection conditions, water quality parameters (e.g., disinfection times, disinfectant types and doses, and pH values), and bromide concentration on controlling the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), and haloacetamides (HAMs) during disinfection of FBW and SSW were investigated. Concentrations of most disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and associated calculated toxicity increased with extended chlorination for both FBW and SSW. During chlorination of both FBW and SSW, elevated chlorine doses significantly increased THM yields per unit dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but decreased HAN and HAM yields, with minimum effect on HAA yields. Chloramine disinfection effectively inhibited C-DBP formation but promoted N-DBPs yields, which increased with chloramine dose. Calculated toxicities after chloramination increased with chloramine dose, which was opposite to the trend found after free chlorine addition. An examination of pH effects demonstrated that C-DBPs were more readily generated at alkaline pH (pH=8), while acidic conditions (pH=6) favored N-DBP formation. Total DBP concentrations increased at higher pH levels, but calculated DBP toxicity deceased due to lower HAN and HAM concentrations. Addition of bromide markedly increased bromo-THM and bromo-HAN formation, which are more cytotoxic than chlorinated analogues, but had little impact on the formation of HAAs and HAMs. Bromide incorporation factors (BIFs) for THMs and HANs from both water samples all significantly increased as bromide concentrations increased. Overall, high bromide concentrations increased the calculated toxicity values in FBW and SSW after chlorination. Therefore, while currently challenging, technologies capable of removing bromide should be explored as part of a strategy towards controlling cumulative toxicity burden (i.e., hazard) while simultaneously lowering individual DBP concentrations (i.e., exposure) to manage DBP risks in drinking water. SN - 1879-2448 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33652228/Formation_and_control_of_C__and_N_DBPs_during_disinfection_of_filter_backwash_and_sedimentation_sludge_water_in_drinking_water_treatment_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -