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Association of Maternal Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Neonatal Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Massachusetts.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Apr 01; 4(4):e217523.JN

Abstract

IMPORTANCE

The incidence of mother-to-newborn SARS-CoV-2 transmission appears low and may be associated with biological and social factors. However, data are limited on the factors associated with neonatal clinical or viral testing outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

To ascertain the percentage of neonates who were born to mothers with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results during the birth hospitalization, the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with neonatal test result positivity, and the clinical and virological outcomes for newborns during hospitalization and 30 days after discharge.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS

This multicenter cohort study included 11 academic or community hospitals in Massachusetts and mother-neonate dyads whose delivery and discharge occurred between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020. Eligible dyads were identified at each participating hospital through local COVID-19 surveillance and infection control systems. Neonates were born to mothers with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results within 14 days before to 72 hours after delivery, and neonates were followed up for 30 days after birth hospital discharge.

EXPOSURES

Hypothesized maternal risk factors in neonatal test result positivity included maternal COVID-19 symptoms, vaginal delivery, rooming-in practice, Black race or Hispanic ethnicity, and zip code-derived social vulnerability index. Delivery indicated by worsening maternal COVID-19 symptoms was hypothesized to increase the risk of adverse neonatal health outcomes.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

Primary outcomes for neonates were (1) positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, (2) indicators of adverse health, and (3) clinical signs and viral testing. Test result positivity was defined as at least 1 positive result on a specimen obtained by nasopharyngeal swab using a polymerase chain reaction-based method. Clinical and testing data were obtained from electronic medical records of nonroutine health care visits within 30 days after hospital discharge.

RESULTS

The cohort included 255 neonates (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 37.9 [2.6] weeks; 62 [24.3%] with low birth weight or preterm delivery) with 250 mothers (mean [SD] age, 30.4 [6.3] years; 121 [48.4%] were of Hispanic ethnicity). Of the 255 neonates who were born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 225 (88.2%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 5 (2.2%) had positive results during the birth hospitalization. High maternal social vulnerability was associated with higher likelihood of neonatal test result positivity (adjusted odds ratio, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.53-16.01; P = .008), adjusted for maternal COVID-19 symptoms, delivery mode, and rooming-in practice. Adverse outcomes during hospitalization were associated with preterm delivery indicated by worsening maternal COVID-19 symptoms. Of the 151 newborns with follow-up data, 28 had nonroutine clinical visits, 7 underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing, and 1 had a positive result.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

The findings emphasize the importance of both biological and social factors in perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. Newborns exposed to SARS-CoV-2 were at risk for both direct and indirect adverse health outcomes, supporting efforts of ongoing surveillance of the virus and long-term follow-up.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.UMass Memorial Health Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.Center for Applied Pediatric Quality Analytics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield.Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.Division of Newborn Medicine, Tufts Children's Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville.Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33890989

Citation

Angelidou, Asimenia, et al. "Association of Maternal Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Neonatal Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Massachusetts." JAMA Network Open, vol. 4, no. 4, 2021, pp. e217523.
Angelidou A, Sullivan K, Melvin PR, et al. Association of Maternal Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Neonatal Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Massachusetts. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(4):e217523.
Angelidou, A., Sullivan, K., Melvin, P. R., Shui, J. E., Goldfarb, I. T., Bartolome, R., Chaudhary, N., Vaidya, R., Culic, I., Singh, R., Yanni, D., Patrizi, S., Hudak, M. L., Parker, M. G., & Belfort, M. B. (2021). Association of Maternal Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Neonatal Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Massachusetts. JAMA Network Open, 4(4), e217523. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.7523
Angelidou A, et al. Association of Maternal Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Neonatal Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Massachusetts. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Apr 1;4(4):e217523. PubMed PMID: 33890989.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Association of Maternal Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Neonatal Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Massachusetts. AU - Angelidou,Asimenia, AU - Sullivan,Katherine, AU - Melvin,Patrice R, AU - Shui,Jessica E, AU - Goldfarb,Ilona Telefus, AU - Bartolome,Ruby, AU - Chaudhary,Neha, AU - Vaidya,Ruben, AU - Culic,Ivana, AU - Singh,Rachana, AU - Yanni,Diana, AU - Patrizi,Silvia, AU - Hudak,Mark L, AU - Parker,Margaret G, AU - Belfort,Mandy B, Y1 - 2021/04/01/ PY - 2021/4/23/entrez PY - 2021/4/24/pubmed PY - 2021/5/5/medline SP - e217523 EP - e217523 JF - JAMA network open JO - JAMA Netw Open VL - 4 IS - 4 N2 - IMPORTANCE: The incidence of mother-to-newborn SARS-CoV-2 transmission appears low and may be associated with biological and social factors. However, data are limited on the factors associated with neonatal clinical or viral testing outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the percentage of neonates who were born to mothers with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results during the birth hospitalization, the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with neonatal test result positivity, and the clinical and virological outcomes for newborns during hospitalization and 30 days after discharge. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multicenter cohort study included 11 academic or community hospitals in Massachusetts and mother-neonate dyads whose delivery and discharge occurred between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020. Eligible dyads were identified at each participating hospital through local COVID-19 surveillance and infection control systems. Neonates were born to mothers with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results within 14 days before to 72 hours after delivery, and neonates were followed up for 30 days after birth hospital discharge. EXPOSURES: Hypothesized maternal risk factors in neonatal test result positivity included maternal COVID-19 symptoms, vaginal delivery, rooming-in practice, Black race or Hispanic ethnicity, and zip code-derived social vulnerability index. Delivery indicated by worsening maternal COVID-19 symptoms was hypothesized to increase the risk of adverse neonatal health outcomes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcomes for neonates were (1) positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, (2) indicators of adverse health, and (3) clinical signs and viral testing. Test result positivity was defined as at least 1 positive result on a specimen obtained by nasopharyngeal swab using a polymerase chain reaction-based method. Clinical and testing data were obtained from electronic medical records of nonroutine health care visits within 30 days after hospital discharge. RESULTS: The cohort included 255 neonates (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 37.9 [2.6] weeks; 62 [24.3%] with low birth weight or preterm delivery) with 250 mothers (mean [SD] age, 30.4 [6.3] years; 121 [48.4%] were of Hispanic ethnicity). Of the 255 neonates who were born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 225 (88.2%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 5 (2.2%) had positive results during the birth hospitalization. High maternal social vulnerability was associated with higher likelihood of neonatal test result positivity (adjusted odds ratio, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.53-16.01; P = .008), adjusted for maternal COVID-19 symptoms, delivery mode, and rooming-in practice. Adverse outcomes during hospitalization were associated with preterm delivery indicated by worsening maternal COVID-19 symptoms. Of the 151 newborns with follow-up data, 28 had nonroutine clinical visits, 7 underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing, and 1 had a positive result. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings emphasize the importance of both biological and social factors in perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. Newborns exposed to SARS-CoV-2 were at risk for both direct and indirect adverse health outcomes, supporting efforts of ongoing surveillance of the virus and long-term follow-up. SN - 2574-3805 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33890989/Association_of_Maternal_Perinatal_SARS_CoV_2_Infection_With_Neonatal_Outcomes_During_the_COVID_19_Pandemic_in_Massachusetts_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -