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Comparison of Electromyographic Activity During Hip Extension Exercises Under Gravitational or Inertial Loading Conditions.
Sports Health. 2022 Mar-Apr; 14(2):246-253.SH

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hamstring injury prevention programs include strengthening, especially eccentric exercises using both gravitational and inertial loading. Inertial exercises are characterized by eccentric contractions of high intensity and velocity. This study aimed to analyze the muscular activation of the biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), gluteus maximus (GM), and gracilis (GC) muscles during hip extension (HE) exercises performed under both gravitational and inertial loading conditions.

HYPOTHESIS

Inertial training would generate a greater activation of HE muscles than gravitational training.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level 4.

METHODS

Fifteen resistance-trained men performed the unilateral straight knee bridge (SKB), 45° of HE, and stiff-leg deadlift (SDL) exercises under gravitational and inertial loading conditions. Concentric and eccentric phases were identified with a linear encoder. Differences between load types, exercises, and their interaction were examined to establish the electromyographic (EMG) activity of each muscle and BF/ST ratio.

RESULTS

In the concentric phase, inertial loading showed a higher normalized EMG than gravitational loading for BF, ST, and GM. SKB and HE activated BF and ST between 9.6% and 24.3% more than SDL. In the eccentric phase, the inertial modality achieved greater GM activation than the gravitational form (18.1%). BF activation was increased with HE and SKB as compared with SDL (24.4% and 16.4%, respectively), while ST activation was likewise enhanced with HE as compared with SDL (15.1%).

CONCLUSION

Inertial training is more effective than gravitational training for the concentric activation of the hamstring muscles while SDL showed lower hamstring activation than HE and SKB. Therefore, HE and SKB with inertial loading should be taken into account in hamstring training programs.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Inertial training is more effective than gravitational training for the concentric activation of the hamstring muscles. HE and SKB with inertial loading should be taken into account in hamstring training programs.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Martín-San Agustín R
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Castillo-Ballesta L
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Llobat Sancho J
Technic Superior School of Engineering, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Esbri-Navarro R
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Sánchez-Barbadora M
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

MeSH

Cross-Sectional StudiesElectromyographyExerciseExercise TherapyHamstring MusclesHumansMaleMuscle, Skeletal

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33906543

Citation

Martín-San Agustín, Rodrigo, et al. "Comparison of Electromyographic Activity During Hip Extension Exercises Under Gravitational or Inertial Loading Conditions." Sports Health, vol. 14, no. 2, 2022, pp. 246-253.
Martín-San Agustín R, Castillo-Ballesta L, Llobat Sancho J, et al. Comparison of Electromyographic Activity During Hip Extension Exercises Under Gravitational or Inertial Loading Conditions. Sports Health. 2022;14(2):246-253.
Martín-San Agustín, R., Castillo-Ballesta, L., Llobat Sancho, J., Esbri-Navarro, R., & Sánchez-Barbadora, M. (2022). Comparison of Electromyographic Activity During Hip Extension Exercises Under Gravitational or Inertial Loading Conditions. Sports Health, 14(2), 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381211011407
Martín-San Agustín R, et al. Comparison of Electromyographic Activity During Hip Extension Exercises Under Gravitational or Inertial Loading Conditions. Sports Health. 2022 Mar-Apr;14(2):246-253. PubMed PMID: 33906543.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Electromyographic Activity During Hip Extension Exercises Under Gravitational or Inertial Loading Conditions. AU - Martín-San Agustín,Rodrigo, AU - Castillo-Ballesta,Lorenzo, AU - Llobat Sancho,Javier, AU - Esbri-Navarro,Rubén, AU - Sánchez-Barbadora,Mariana, Y1 - 2021/04/28/ PY - 2021/4/29/pubmed PY - 2022/2/26/medline PY - 2021/4/28/entrez KW - iso-inertial KW - muscle power KW - physiology KW - resistance training SP - 246 EP - 253 JF - Sports health JO - Sports Health VL - 14 IS - 2 N2 - BACKGROUND: Hamstring injury prevention programs include strengthening, especially eccentric exercises using both gravitational and inertial loading. Inertial exercises are characterized by eccentric contractions of high intensity and velocity. This study aimed to analyze the muscular activation of the biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), gluteus maximus (GM), and gracilis (GC) muscles during hip extension (HE) exercises performed under both gravitational and inertial loading conditions. HYPOTHESIS: Inertial training would generate a greater activation of HE muscles than gravitational training. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4. METHODS: Fifteen resistance-trained men performed the unilateral straight knee bridge (SKB), 45° of HE, and stiff-leg deadlift (SDL) exercises under gravitational and inertial loading conditions. Concentric and eccentric phases were identified with a linear encoder. Differences between load types, exercises, and their interaction were examined to establish the electromyographic (EMG) activity of each muscle and BF/ST ratio. RESULTS: In the concentric phase, inertial loading showed a higher normalized EMG than gravitational loading for BF, ST, and GM. SKB and HE activated BF and ST between 9.6% and 24.3% more than SDL. In the eccentric phase, the inertial modality achieved greater GM activation than the gravitational form (18.1%). BF activation was increased with HE and SKB as compared with SDL (24.4% and 16.4%, respectively), while ST activation was likewise enhanced with HE as compared with SDL (15.1%). CONCLUSION: Inertial training is more effective than gravitational training for the concentric activation of the hamstring muscles while SDL showed lower hamstring activation than HE and SKB. Therefore, HE and SKB with inertial loading should be taken into account in hamstring training programs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Inertial training is more effective than gravitational training for the concentric activation of the hamstring muscles. HE and SKB with inertial loading should be taken into account in hamstring training programs. SN - 1941-0921 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33906543/Comparison_of_Electromyographic_Activity_During_Hip_Extension_Exercises_Under_Gravitational_or_Inertial_Loading_Conditions_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -