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A review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Flos Inulae.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Aug 10; 276:114125.JE

Abstract

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Plants of the genus Inula have long been used as an ethnomedicine in Asia, Europe, and North America for its high medicinal value and health benefits. Inula japonica Thunb. (I. japonica) and Inula britanica L. (I. britanica) are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) as the traditional Chinese medicine Flos inulae (FI). In TCM, FI tastes bitter, pungent, and salt, with warm nature and has the functions of water removal, reduction in nausea, and prevention of vomiting and is often used for cold-related coughs, sputum, wheezing coughs, vomiting, belching and other related diseases. In addition, Inula japonica Thunb is used as a botanical medicine in Korea and Inula britannica L. is also used as a traditional plant medicine in Iran.

AIM OF THE STUDY

This paper collects the relevant research literature (1970-2021) and provides a systematic summary of the botany, ethnopharmacology, processing, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, analytical methods and quality control of FI to explore its potential and expand its scope for better clinical application.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Information on Inula japonica Thunb. and Inula britanica L. was collected from scientific databases (1970-2021), including Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, CNKI and Wan Fang DATA. Information was also collected from classic books of Chinese herbal medicine and Ph.D. and M.Sc. theses.

RESULTS

More than 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from Inula japonica Thunb. and Inula britanica L., including sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, volatile oils, triterpenoids, diterpenoid glycosides, monoterpenoids, polysaccharides, steroid and small molecule acids. Based on a wide variety of chemically active ingredients, FI has a wide range of pharmacological effects. Modern pharmacological research has proven that the pharmacological effects of FI include anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antiallergy, antidiabetic, blood lipid reduction, skin whitening, liver protection, anticonstipation, and antinociceptive effects.

CONCLUSIONS

FI is a very important traditional Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory antitumor, antioxidant, antiallergy, antidiabetic and other pharmacological effects that can treat a variety of related diseases. This paper summarizes the botany, ethnopharmacology, processing, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, analytical methods, and quality control of FI. However, the research on the processing, toxicity and quality control of FI is currently too shallow, especially concerning the relationship between the changes in active components before and after processing and the changes in its pharmacological action, which remains unclear. There are few toxicity experiments conducted with FI, so it is impossible to evaluate the safety of FI objectively and impartially. There are also few studies on the material basis and doses of FI causing toxicity and side effects, and more in-depth and concrete researches should be carried out in the future regarding these aspects. Furthermore, to ensure effective and safe clinical medication, we should also pay attention to the mixed use of FI in various regions of China to control the quality of the FI plant.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Yang L
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
Wang X
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
Hou A
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
Zhang J
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
Wang S
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
Man W
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
Yu H
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
Zheng S
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
Wang Q
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 528458, China.
Jiang H
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China. Electronic address: jianghai_777@126.com.
Kuang H
Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China. Electronic address: hxkuang56@163.com.

MeSH

AnimalsAsiaEthnobotanyEuropeHumansInulaMedicine, TraditionalNorth AmericaOils, VolatilePhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsQuality Control

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

33961997

Citation

Yang, Liu, et al. "A Review of the Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of the Flos Inulae." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 276, 2021, p. 114125.
Yang L, Wang X, Hou A, et al. A review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Flos Inulae. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;276:114125.
Yang, L., Wang, X., Hou, A., Zhang, J., Wang, S., Man, W., Yu, H., Zheng, S., Wang, Q., Jiang, H., & Kuang, H. (2021). A review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Flos Inulae. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 276, 114125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114125
Yang L, et al. A Review of the Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of the Flos Inulae. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Aug 10;276:114125. PubMed PMID: 33961997.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - A review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Flos Inulae. AU - Yang,Liu, AU - Wang,Xuejiao, AU - Hou,Ajiao, AU - Zhang,Jiaxu, AU - Wang,Song, AU - Man,Wenjing, AU - Yu,Huan, AU - Zheng,Senwang, AU - Wang,Qiuhong, AU - Jiang,Hai, AU - Kuang,Haixue, Y1 - 2021/05/04/ PY - 2021/01/10/received PY - 2021/03/21/revised PY - 2021/04/12/accepted PY - 2021/5/8/pubmed PY - 2021/10/26/medline PY - 2021/5/7/entrez KW - Analytical methods KW - Flos inulae KW - Inula britanica L. KW - Inula japonica Thunb. KW - Pharmacology KW - Phytochemistry KW - Toxicity KW - Traditional uses SP - 114125 EP - 114125 JF - Journal of ethnopharmacology JO - J Ethnopharmacol VL - 276 N2 - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plants of the genus Inula have long been used as an ethnomedicine in Asia, Europe, and North America for its high medicinal value and health benefits. Inula japonica Thunb. (I. japonica) and Inula britanica L. (I. britanica) are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) as the traditional Chinese medicine Flos inulae (FI). In TCM, FI tastes bitter, pungent, and salt, with warm nature and has the functions of water removal, reduction in nausea, and prevention of vomiting and is often used for cold-related coughs, sputum, wheezing coughs, vomiting, belching and other related diseases. In addition, Inula japonica Thunb is used as a botanical medicine in Korea and Inula britannica L. is also used as a traditional plant medicine in Iran. AIM OF THE STUDY: This paper collects the relevant research literature (1970-2021) and provides a systematic summary of the botany, ethnopharmacology, processing, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, analytical methods and quality control of FI to explore its potential and expand its scope for better clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information on Inula japonica Thunb. and Inula britanica L. was collected from scientific databases (1970-2021), including Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, CNKI and Wan Fang DATA. Information was also collected from classic books of Chinese herbal medicine and Ph.D. and M.Sc. theses. RESULTS: More than 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from Inula japonica Thunb. and Inula britanica L., including sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, volatile oils, triterpenoids, diterpenoid glycosides, monoterpenoids, polysaccharides, steroid and small molecule acids. Based on a wide variety of chemically active ingredients, FI has a wide range of pharmacological effects. Modern pharmacological research has proven that the pharmacological effects of FI include anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antiallergy, antidiabetic, blood lipid reduction, skin whitening, liver protection, anticonstipation, and antinociceptive effects. CONCLUSIONS: FI is a very important traditional Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory antitumor, antioxidant, antiallergy, antidiabetic and other pharmacological effects that can treat a variety of related diseases. This paper summarizes the botany, ethnopharmacology, processing, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, analytical methods, and quality control of FI. However, the research on the processing, toxicity and quality control of FI is currently too shallow, especially concerning the relationship between the changes in active components before and after processing and the changes in its pharmacological action, which remains unclear. There are few toxicity experiments conducted with FI, so it is impossible to evaluate the safety of FI objectively and impartially. There are also few studies on the material basis and doses of FI causing toxicity and side effects, and more in-depth and concrete researches should be carried out in the future regarding these aspects. Furthermore, to ensure effective and safe clinical medication, we should also pay attention to the mixed use of FI in various regions of China to control the quality of the FI plant. SN - 1872-7573 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/33961997/A_review_of_the_botany_traditional_uses_phytochemistry_and_pharmacology_of_the_Flos_Inulae_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -