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Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites with Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 28; 22(11)IJ

Abstract

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) isolated from plant biomass have attracted considerable interests in polymer engineering. The limitations associated with CNF-based nanocomposites are often linked to the time-consuming preparation methods and lack of desired surface functionalities. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of preparing a multifunctional CNF-zinc oxide (CNF-ZnO) nanocomposite with dual antibacterial and reinforcing properties via a facile and efficient ultrasound route. We characterized and examined the antibacterial and mechanical reinforcement performances of our ultrasonically induced nanocomposite. Based on our electron microscopy analyses, the ZnO deposited onto the nanofibrous network had a flake-like morphology with particle sizes ranging between 21 to 34 nm. pH levels between 8-10 led to the formation of ultrafine ZnO particles with a uniform size distribution. The resultant CNF-ZnO composite showed improved thermal stability compared to pure CNF. The composite showed potent inhibitory activities against Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and Gram-negative Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) bacteria. A CNF-ZnO-reinforced natural rubber (NR/CNF-ZnO) composite film, which was produced via latex mixing and casting methods, exhibited up to 42% improvement in tensile strength compared with the neat NR. The findings of this study suggest that ultrasonically-synthesized palm CNF-ZnO nanocomposites could find potential applications in the biomedical field and in the development of high strength rubber composites.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Supramaniam J
Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Low DYS
Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Wong SK
Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Tan LTH
Clinical School Johor Bahru, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Johor Bahru 80100, Johor Darul Ta'zim, Malaysia. Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Leo BF
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Goh BH
Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Darji D
Malaysian Rubber Board Engineering and Technology Division, RRIM, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Mohd Rasdi FR
Malaysian Rubber Board Engineering and Technology Division, RRIM, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Chan KG
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Lee LH
Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Tang SY
Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

MeSH

Anti-Bacterial AgentsArecaceaeCelluloseDrug StabilityHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusMicroscopy, ElectronNanocompositesNanofibersParticle SizeRubberSalmonellaSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredTemperatureX-Ray DiffractionZinc Oxide

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

34071337

Citation

Supramaniam, Janarthanan, et al. "Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites With Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 22, no. 11, 2021.
Supramaniam J, Low DYS, Wong SK, et al. Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites with Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11).
Supramaniam, J., Low, D. Y. S., Wong, S. K., Tan, L. T. H., Leo, B. F., Goh, B. H., Darji, D., Mohd Rasdi, F. R., Chan, K. G., Lee, L. H., & Tang, S. Y. (2021). Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites with Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115781
Supramaniam J, et al. Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites With Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 28;22(11) PubMed PMID: 34071337.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Palm CNF-ZnO Nanocomposites with Antibacterial and Reinforcing Properties. AU - Supramaniam,Janarthanan, AU - Low,Darren Yi Sern, AU - Wong,See Kiat, AU - Tan,Loh Teng Hern, AU - Leo,Bey Fen, AU - Goh,Bey Hing, AU - Darji,Dazylah, AU - Mohd Rasdi,Fatimah Rubaizah, AU - Chan,Kok Gan, AU - Lee,Learn Han, AU - Tang,Siah Ying, Y1 - 2021/05/28/ PY - 2021/04/19/received PY - 2021/05/21/revised PY - 2021/05/25/accepted PY - 2021/6/2/entrez PY - 2021/6/3/pubmed PY - 2021/6/22/medline KW - antibacterial KW - cellulose nanofiber KW - palm biomass KW - ultrasonic KW - zinc oxide JF - International journal of molecular sciences JO - Int J Mol Sci VL - 22 IS - 11 N2 - Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) isolated from plant biomass have attracted considerable interests in polymer engineering. The limitations associated with CNF-based nanocomposites are often linked to the time-consuming preparation methods and lack of desired surface functionalities. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of preparing a multifunctional CNF-zinc oxide (CNF-ZnO) nanocomposite with dual antibacterial and reinforcing properties via a facile and efficient ultrasound route. We characterized and examined the antibacterial and mechanical reinforcement performances of our ultrasonically induced nanocomposite. Based on our electron microscopy analyses, the ZnO deposited onto the nanofibrous network had a flake-like morphology with particle sizes ranging between 21 to 34 nm. pH levels between 8-10 led to the formation of ultrafine ZnO particles with a uniform size distribution. The resultant CNF-ZnO composite showed improved thermal stability compared to pure CNF. The composite showed potent inhibitory activities against Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and Gram-negative Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) bacteria. A CNF-ZnO-reinforced natural rubber (NR/CNF-ZnO) composite film, which was produced via latex mixing and casting methods, exhibited up to 42% improvement in tensile strength compared with the neat NR. The findings of this study suggest that ultrasonically-synthesized palm CNF-ZnO nanocomposites could find potential applications in the biomedical field and in the development of high strength rubber composites. SN - 1422-0067 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34071337/Facile_Synthesis_and_Characterization_of_Palm_CNF_ZnO_Nanocomposites_with_Antibacterial_and_Reinforcing_Properties_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -