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Detectability of cannabinoids in the serum samples of cannabis users: Indicators of recent cannabis use? A follow-up study.
Drug Test Anal. 2021 Sep; 13(9):1614-1626.DT

Abstract

Forensic toxicologists are frequently required to predict the time of last cannabis consumption. Several studies suggested the utility of minor cannabinoids as indicators of recent cannabis use. Because several factors influence blood cannabinoid concentrations, the interpretation of serum cannabinoid concentrations remains challenging. To assess the informative value of serum cannabinoid levels in cannabis users (in total N = 117 patients, including 56 patients who stated an exact time of last cannabis use within 24 h before blood sampling), the detectability of cannabinoids, namely, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC), 11-hydroxy-delta-9-THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-THC, cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidivarin, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabigerol (CBG), cannabicyclol, delta-8-THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A, cannabichromenic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid, cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THCV (THCVCOOH), and 11-nor-CBN-9-COOH, was investigated. Excluding CBDA and CBLA, all investigated cannabinoids were detected in at least one analyzed sample. The interval between cannabis consumption and sample collection (reported by the patients) was not correlated with cannabinoid concentrations. Minor cannabinoids tended to be more easily detected in samples obtained shortly after consumption. However, some samples tested positive for minor cannabinoids despite an interval of several hours or even days between consumption and sampling (according to patients' statements). For instance, CBC, CBG, THCVCOOH, CBD, and CBN in certain cases could be detected more than 24 h after the last consumption of cannabis. Thus, findings of minor cannabinoids should always be interpreted with caution.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Krämer M
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Schäper M
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Dücker K
Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Philipsen A
Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Losacker M
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Dreimüller N
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Engelmann J
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Madea B
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Hess C
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

MeSH

CannabinoidsChromatography, LiquidFollow-Up StudiesHumansMarijuana UseSubstance Abuse DetectionTandem Mass SpectrometryTime Factors

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Validation Study

Language

eng

PubMed ID

34114750

Citation

Krämer, Michael, et al. "Detectability of Cannabinoids in the Serum Samples of Cannabis Users: Indicators of Recent Cannabis Use? a Follow-up Study." Drug Testing and Analysis, vol. 13, no. 9, 2021, pp. 1614-1626.
Krämer M, Schäper M, Dücker K, et al. Detectability of cannabinoids in the serum samples of cannabis users: Indicators of recent cannabis use? A follow-up study. Drug Test Anal. 2021;13(9):1614-1626.
Krämer, M., Schäper, M., Dücker, K., Philipsen, A., Losacker, M., Dreimüller, N., Engelmann, J., Madea, B., & Hess, C. (2021). Detectability of cannabinoids in the serum samples of cannabis users: Indicators of recent cannabis use? A follow-up study. Drug Testing and Analysis, 13(9), 1614-1626. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3110
Krämer M, et al. Detectability of Cannabinoids in the Serum Samples of Cannabis Users: Indicators of Recent Cannabis Use? a Follow-up Study. Drug Test Anal. 2021;13(9):1614-1626. PubMed PMID: 34114750.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Detectability of cannabinoids in the serum samples of cannabis users: Indicators of recent cannabis use? A follow-up study. AU - Krämer,Michael, AU - Schäper,Martin, AU - Dücker,Kristina, AU - Philipsen,Alexandra, AU - Losacker,Moritz, AU - Dreimüller,Nadine, AU - Engelmann,Jan, AU - Madea,Burkhard, AU - Hess,Cornelius, Y1 - 2021/06/21/ PY - 2021/06/07/revised PY - 2021/04/28/received PY - 2021/06/07/accepted PY - 2021/6/12/pubmed PY - 2022/1/22/medline PY - 2021/6/11/entrez KW - LC-MS/MS KW - cannabinoids KW - serum SP - 1614 EP - 1626 JF - Drug testing and analysis JO - Drug Test Anal VL - 13 IS - 9 N2 - Forensic toxicologists are frequently required to predict the time of last cannabis consumption. Several studies suggested the utility of minor cannabinoids as indicators of recent cannabis use. Because several factors influence blood cannabinoid concentrations, the interpretation of serum cannabinoid concentrations remains challenging. To assess the informative value of serum cannabinoid levels in cannabis users (in total N = 117 patients, including 56 patients who stated an exact time of last cannabis use within 24 h before blood sampling), the detectability of cannabinoids, namely, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC), 11-hydroxy-delta-9-THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-THC, cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidivarin, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabigerol (CBG), cannabicyclol, delta-8-THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A, cannabichromenic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid, cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THCV (THCVCOOH), and 11-nor-CBN-9-COOH, was investigated. Excluding CBDA and CBLA, all investigated cannabinoids were detected in at least one analyzed sample. The interval between cannabis consumption and sample collection (reported by the patients) was not correlated with cannabinoid concentrations. Minor cannabinoids tended to be more easily detected in samples obtained shortly after consumption. However, some samples tested positive for minor cannabinoids despite an interval of several hours or even days between consumption and sampling (according to patients' statements). For instance, CBC, CBG, THCVCOOH, CBD, and CBN in certain cases could be detected more than 24 h after the last consumption of cannabis. Thus, findings of minor cannabinoids should always be interpreted with caution. SN - 1942-7611 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34114750/Detectability_of_cannabinoids_in_the_serum_samples_of_cannabis_users:_Indicators_of_recent_cannabis_use_A_follow_up_study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -