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Intake of processed meat, but not sodium, is associated with risk of colorectal cancer: Evidence from a large prospective cohort and two-sample Mendelian randomization.
Clin Nutr. 2021 07; 40(7):4551-4559.CN

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS

Processed meat and high sodium intake are common in Western diet. The objective was to examine their independent effects on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

METHODS

We performed both observational analysis with UK Biobank and genetic analysis with Mendelian randomization (MR). The 24-h urinary sodium (UNa) and reported intake of processed meat were fitted on incident CRC by multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted for covariates, such as age, gender, family history, etc. Different sodium measures were used for sensitivity analyses. Two-sample MR analyses were performed using summary data from genome-wide association studies of UNa and CRC. Multivariable MR was adjusted for body mass index.

RESULTS

We included 415 524 eligible participants from UK Biobank. During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, 2663 participants were diagnosed with CRC. High intake of processed meat independently increased risk of CRC by 23% (HR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.46), but 24-h UNa was not significantly associated with CRC (HR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.06). Furthermore, MR also showed little evidence for the effect of UNa on CRC (OR 1.02; 95% CI: 0.11 to 9.42). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results across different measurements of sodium intake.

CONCLUSIONS

Intake of processed meat had an independent effect on the risk of CRC, but the risk was not associated with sodium level. Reduction of processed meat intake may be an effective strategy for CRC prevention, while sodium reduction should still be recommended to achieve other health benefits.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Feng Q
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Wong SH
Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Zheng J
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, The University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
Yang Q
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Population Health Science Institute, The University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
Sung JJ
Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Tsoi KK
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SH Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: kelvintsoi@cuhk.edu.hk.

MeSH

Biological Specimen BanksColorectal NeoplasmsDietFemaleFood HandlingGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansIncidenceMaleMeatMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesSodiumSodium, DietaryUnited Kingdom

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Observational Study

Language

eng

PubMed ID

34229259

Citation

Feng, Qi, et al. "Intake of Processed Meat, but Not Sodium, Is Associated With Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Evidence From a Large Prospective Cohort and Two-sample Mendelian Randomization." Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), vol. 40, no. 7, 2021, pp. 4551-4559.
Feng Q, Wong SH, Zheng J, et al. Intake of processed meat, but not sodium, is associated with risk of colorectal cancer: Evidence from a large prospective cohort and two-sample Mendelian randomization. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(7):4551-4559.
Feng, Q., Wong, S. H., Zheng, J., Yang, Q., Sung, J. J., & Tsoi, K. K. (2021). Intake of processed meat, but not sodium, is associated with risk of colorectal cancer: Evidence from a large prospective cohort and two-sample Mendelian randomization. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 40(7), 4551-4559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.036
Feng Q, et al. Intake of Processed Meat, but Not Sodium, Is Associated With Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Evidence From a Large Prospective Cohort and Two-sample Mendelian Randomization. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(7):4551-4559. PubMed PMID: 34229259.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Intake of processed meat, but not sodium, is associated with risk of colorectal cancer: Evidence from a large prospective cohort and two-sample Mendelian randomization. AU - Feng,Qi, AU - Wong,Sunny H, AU - Zheng,Jie, AU - Yang,Qian, AU - Sung,Joseph Jy, AU - Tsoi,Kelvin Kf, Y1 - 2021/06/14/ PY - 2021/01/24/received PY - 2021/05/13/revised PY - 2021/05/31/accepted PY - 2021/7/7/pubmed PY - 2021/7/7/medline PY - 2021/7/6/entrez KW - Colorectal cancer KW - Mendelian randomization KW - Processed meat KW - Sodium intake KW - UK Biobank KW - Urinary sodium SP - 4551 EP - 4559 JF - Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) JO - Clin Nutr VL - 40 IS - 7 N2 - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Processed meat and high sodium intake are common in Western diet. The objective was to examine their independent effects on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: We performed both observational analysis with UK Biobank and genetic analysis with Mendelian randomization (MR). The 24-h urinary sodium (UNa) and reported intake of processed meat were fitted on incident CRC by multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted for covariates, such as age, gender, family history, etc. Different sodium measures were used for sensitivity analyses. Two-sample MR analyses were performed using summary data from genome-wide association studies of UNa and CRC. Multivariable MR was adjusted for body mass index. RESULTS: We included 415 524 eligible participants from UK Biobank. During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, 2663 participants were diagnosed with CRC. High intake of processed meat independently increased risk of CRC by 23% (HR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.46), but 24-h UNa was not significantly associated with CRC (HR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.06). Furthermore, MR also showed little evidence for the effect of UNa on CRC (OR 1.02; 95% CI: 0.11 to 9.42). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results across different measurements of sodium intake. CONCLUSIONS: Intake of processed meat had an independent effect on the risk of CRC, but the risk was not associated with sodium level. Reduction of processed meat intake may be an effective strategy for CRC prevention, while sodium reduction should still be recommended to achieve other health benefits. SN - 1532-1983 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34229259/Intake_of_processed_meat_but_not_sodium_is_associated_with_risk_of_colorectal_cancer:_Evidence_from_a_large_prospective_cohort_and_two_sample_Mendelian_randomization_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -