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Comparison of fleroxacin oxidation by chlorine and chlorine dioxide: Kinetics, mechanism and halogenated DBPs formation.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jan; 286(Pt 1):131585.C

Abstract

Fleroxacin (FLE) is a widely used fluoroquinolones to cure urinary tract infections and respiratory disease, which has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. The reactivity kinetics of FLE by chlorine and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and transformation mechanism were investigated in this study. The results showed that FLE was degraded efficiently by chlorine and ClO2, and both reactions followed second-order kinetics overall. The increase of disinfectant dosage and temperature would enhance the degradation of FLE. The highest removal of FLE by chlorine was achieved at a neutral condition (pH 7.4), whereas ClO2 reaction rates increased dramatically with the increasing pH in this study condition. The number of intermediates identified in FLE chlorination and ClO2 oxidation was seven and ten, respectively. The piperazine ring cleavage was the principal and initial reaction in both above reactions. Then, the removal of the piperazine group was predominantly in FLE removal by chlorine, while the decarboxylation mainly occurred in FLE removal by ClO2. The intermediates increased first and then decreased with time, while three kinds of halogenated DBPs increased with time, indicating the above-identified intermediates were further transformed to the halogenated DBPs. Additionally, compared to chlorine reaction, the reaction of ClO2 with FLE reduced the formation of halogenated DBPs, but it also induced the formation of chlorite. The analysis of toxicity showed that compared with chlorination, the oxidation of ClO2 was more suitable for FLE removal.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

He G
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China.
Zhang T
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Li Y
Zhejiang Towards Environment Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310012, China.
Li J
College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
Chen F
Research Institute of Resources and Environmental Innovation, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China.
Hu J
College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China. Electronic address: hujun1988@zjut.edu.cn.
Dong F
College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China. Electronic address: dongfeilong86@126.com.

MeSH

ChlorineChlorine CompoundsDisinfectantsDisinfectionFleroxacinHalogenationKineticsOxidesWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater Purification

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

34293556

Citation

He, Guilin, et al. "Comparison of Fleroxacin Oxidation By Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide: Kinetics, Mechanism and Halogenated DBPs Formation." Chemosphere, vol. 286, no. Pt 1, 2022, p. 131585.
He G, Zhang T, Li Y, et al. Comparison of fleroxacin oxidation by chlorine and chlorine dioxide: Kinetics, mechanism and halogenated DBPs formation. Chemosphere. 2022;286(Pt 1):131585.
He, G., Zhang, T., Li, Y., Li, J., Chen, F., Hu, J., & Dong, F. (2022). Comparison of fleroxacin oxidation by chlorine and chlorine dioxide: Kinetics, mechanism and halogenated DBPs formation. Chemosphere, 286(Pt 1), 131585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131585
He G, et al. Comparison of Fleroxacin Oxidation By Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide: Kinetics, Mechanism and Halogenated DBPs Formation. Chemosphere. 2022;286(Pt 1):131585. PubMed PMID: 34293556.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of fleroxacin oxidation by chlorine and chlorine dioxide: Kinetics, mechanism and halogenated DBPs formation. AU - He,Guilin, AU - Zhang,Tuqiao, AU - Li,Yunfei, AU - Li,Jinzhe, AU - Chen,Feiyong, AU - Hu,Jun, AU - Dong,Feilong, Y1 - 2021/07/16/ PY - 2021/03/29/received PY - 2021/07/14/revised PY - 2021/07/15/accepted PY - 2021/7/23/pubmed PY - 2021/11/11/medline PY - 2021/7/22/entrez KW - Chlorine KW - ClO(2) KW - Fleroxacin KW - Halogenated disinfection byproducts KW - Mechanism SP - 131585 EP - 131585 JF - Chemosphere JO - Chemosphere VL - 286 IS - Pt 1 N2 - Fleroxacin (FLE) is a widely used fluoroquinolones to cure urinary tract infections and respiratory disease, which has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. The reactivity kinetics of FLE by chlorine and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and transformation mechanism were investigated in this study. The results showed that FLE was degraded efficiently by chlorine and ClO2, and both reactions followed second-order kinetics overall. The increase of disinfectant dosage and temperature would enhance the degradation of FLE. The highest removal of FLE by chlorine was achieved at a neutral condition (pH 7.4), whereas ClO2 reaction rates increased dramatically with the increasing pH in this study condition. The number of intermediates identified in FLE chlorination and ClO2 oxidation was seven and ten, respectively. The piperazine ring cleavage was the principal and initial reaction in both above reactions. Then, the removal of the piperazine group was predominantly in FLE removal by chlorine, while the decarboxylation mainly occurred in FLE removal by ClO2. The intermediates increased first and then decreased with time, while three kinds of halogenated DBPs increased with time, indicating the above-identified intermediates were further transformed to the halogenated DBPs. Additionally, compared to chlorine reaction, the reaction of ClO2 with FLE reduced the formation of halogenated DBPs, but it also induced the formation of chlorite. The analysis of toxicity showed that compared with chlorination, the oxidation of ClO2 was more suitable for FLE removal. SN - 1879-1298 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34293556/Comparison_of_fleroxacin_oxidation_by_chlorine_and_chlorine_dioxide:_Kinetics_mechanism_and_halogenated_DBPs_formation_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -