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Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics.
Indian J Med Microbiol. 2021 Oct-Dec; 39(4):417-422.IJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Following a relatively mild first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India, a deadly second wave of the pandemic overwhelmed the healthcare system due to the emergence of fast-transmitting SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants. The emergence and spread of the B.1.617.2/Delta variant considered to be driving the devastating second wave of COVID-19 in India. Currently, the Delta variant has rapidly overtaken the previously circulating variants to become the dominant strain. Critical mutations in the spike/RBD region of these variants have raised serious concerns about the virus's increased transmissibility and decreased vaccine effectiveness. As a result, significant scientific and public concern has been expressed about the impact of virus variants on COVID-19 vaccines.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this article is to provide an additional explanation in the context of the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 variants in India, the vaccine-induced immune response to the variants of concern (VOC), and various vaccine deployment strategies to rapidly increase population immunity.

CONTENT

Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in India suggests the emergence and spread of B.1.617 variant. The immunogenicity of currently approved vaccines indicates that the majority of vaccines elicit an antibody response and some level of protection. According to current data, vaccines in the pre-fusion configuration (2p substitution) have an advantage in terms of nAb titer, but the duration of vaccine-induced immunity, as well as the role of T cells and memory B cells in protection, remain unknown. Since vaccine efficacy on virus variants is one of the major factors to be considered for achieving herd immunity, existing vaccines need to be improved or effective next-generation vaccines should be developed to cover the new variants of the virus.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Jacob JJ
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
John Fletcher G
Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Monisha Priya T
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Veeraraghavan B
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Electronic address: vbalaji@cmcvellore.ac.in.
Mutreja A
Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID) Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

MeSH

Antibody FormationCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesEvolution, MolecularHumansIndiaPhylogenySARS-CoV-2Vaccination

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

34454775

Citation

Jacob, Jobin John, et al. "Relevance of Immune Response and Vaccination Strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the Phase of Viral Red Queen Dynamics." Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 39, no. 4, 2021, pp. 417-422.
Jacob JJ, John Fletcher G, Monisha Priya T, et al. Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2021;39(4):417-422.
Jacob, J. J., John Fletcher, G., Monisha Priya, T., Veeraraghavan, B., & Mutreja, A. (2021). Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 39(4), 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.08.001
Jacob JJ, et al. Relevance of Immune Response and Vaccination Strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the Phase of Viral Red Queen Dynamics. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2021 Oct-Dec;39(4):417-422. PubMed PMID: 34454775.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Relevance of immune response and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in the phase of viral red queen dynamics. AU - Jacob,Jobin John, AU - John Fletcher,G, AU - Monisha Priya,T, AU - Veeraraghavan,Balaji, AU - Mutreja,Ankur, Y1 - 2021/08/26/ PY - 2021/06/05/received PY - 2021/07/30/revised PY - 2021/08/01/accepted PY - 2021/8/30/pubmed PY - 2021/12/15/medline PY - 2021/8/29/entrez KW - B.1.617 KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - Variants SP - 417 EP - 422 JF - Indian journal of medical microbiology JO - Indian J Med Microbiol VL - 39 IS - 4 N2 - BACKGROUND: Following a relatively mild first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India, a deadly second wave of the pandemic overwhelmed the healthcare system due to the emergence of fast-transmitting SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants. The emergence and spread of the B.1.617.2/Delta variant considered to be driving the devastating second wave of COVID-19 in India. Currently, the Delta variant has rapidly overtaken the previously circulating variants to become the dominant strain. Critical mutations in the spike/RBD region of these variants have raised serious concerns about the virus's increased transmissibility and decreased vaccine effectiveness. As a result, significant scientific and public concern has been expressed about the impact of virus variants on COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to provide an additional explanation in the context of the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 variants in India, the vaccine-induced immune response to the variants of concern (VOC), and various vaccine deployment strategies to rapidly increase population immunity. CONTENT: Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in India suggests the emergence and spread of B.1.617 variant. The immunogenicity of currently approved vaccines indicates that the majority of vaccines elicit an antibody response and some level of protection. According to current data, vaccines in the pre-fusion configuration (2p substitution) have an advantage in terms of nAb titer, but the duration of vaccine-induced immunity, as well as the role of T cells and memory B cells in protection, remain unknown. Since vaccine efficacy on virus variants is one of the major factors to be considered for achieving herd immunity, existing vaccines need to be improved or effective next-generation vaccines should be developed to cover the new variants of the virus. SN - 1998-3646 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34454775/Relevance_of_immune_response_and_vaccination_strategies_of_SARS_CoV_2_in_the_phase_of_viral_red_queen_dynamics_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -