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[Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies in pediatric patients].
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2021 08 16; 49(292):306-310.PM

Abstract

Hypertensive crisis is a sudden rise in blood pressure that is significantly above normal values. Depending on the severity of symptoms, hypertensive crisis can be classified as hypertensive urgency, i.e. severe arterial hypertension (AH) without organ failure and damage with nonspecific symptoms (pain, dizziness, nosebleeds, nausea, vomiting), and hypertensive emergency, i.e. severe AH with organ failure and/or acute organ damage. The most common causes of hypertensive crisis in neonates and infants are vascular diseases (thrombus or stenosis of the renal artery, coarctation of the aorta) or renal parenchymal diseases, in older children kidney diseases and renal artery stenosis, in adolescents also intoxications or pregnancy. In neonates and infants, nonspecific symptoms caused by acute heart failure predominate, and in older children, symptoms from the central nervous system are most typical. Fast- and short-acting medications are used in the treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies; a gradual normalization of blood pressure within 36-48 hours is recommended. Hypertensive emergencies are treated with intravenous drugs (e.g., labetalol, hydralazine), and hypertensive urgencies with intravenous or oral drugs such as nifedipine, clonidine, and minoxidil. Hypertensive emergencies are treated with intravenous drugs (e.g., labetalol, hydralazine), and hypertensive urgencies with intravenous or oral drugs such as nifedipine, clonidine, and minoxidil. Emergency conditions are treated with intravenous drugs (e.g., labetalol, hydralazine), urgent conditions with intravenous or oral drugs such as nifedipine, clonidine, and minoxidil. Some causes of hypertensive crisis require different management, e.g. alpha-blockers in pheochromocytoma. In all patients, evaluation of target organ damage and extensive diagnostics for secondary forms of hypertension is necessary.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Skrzypczyk P
Medical University of Warsaw: Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology.
Markiewicz M
Department of Pediatrics, Specialist Hospital of the Holy Family SPZOZ in Warsaw.
Tutka A
Medical University of Warsaw: Student Scientific Group at the Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology.
Pańczyk-Tomaszewska M
Medical University of Warsaw: Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology.

MeSH

AdolescentAntihypertensive AgentsBlood PressureChildEmergenciesFemaleHeart FailureHumansHypertensionInfantInfant, NewbornPregnancy

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

pol

PubMed ID

34464374

Citation

Skrzypczyk, Piotr, et al. "[Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies in Pediatric Patients]." Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, vol. 49, no. 292, 2021, pp. 306-310.
Skrzypczyk P, Markiewicz M, Tutka A, et al. [Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies in pediatric patients]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2021;49(292):306-310.
Skrzypczyk, P., Markiewicz, M., Tutka, A., & Pańczyk-Tomaszewska, M. (2021). [Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies in pediatric patients]. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, 49(292), 306-310.
Skrzypczyk P, et al. [Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies in Pediatric Patients]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2021 08 16;49(292):306-310. PubMed PMID: 34464374.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - [Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies in pediatric patients]. AU - Skrzypczyk,Piotr, AU - Markiewicz,Mariola, AU - Tutka,Agnieszka, AU - Pańczyk-Tomaszewska,Małgorzata, PY - 2021/8/31/entrez PY - 2021/9/1/pubmed PY - 2021/9/3/medline KW - children antihypertensive medications KW - hypertensive emergency KW - hypertensive urgency KW - hypertensives crisis SP - 306 EP - 310 JF - Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego JO - Pol Merkur Lekarski VL - 49 IS - 292 N2 - Hypertensive crisis is a sudden rise in blood pressure that is significantly above normal values. Depending on the severity of symptoms, hypertensive crisis can be classified as hypertensive urgency, i.e. severe arterial hypertension (AH) without organ failure and damage with nonspecific symptoms (pain, dizziness, nosebleeds, nausea, vomiting), and hypertensive emergency, i.e. severe AH with organ failure and/or acute organ damage. The most common causes of hypertensive crisis in neonates and infants are vascular diseases (thrombus or stenosis of the renal artery, coarctation of the aorta) or renal parenchymal diseases, in older children kidney diseases and renal artery stenosis, in adolescents also intoxications or pregnancy. In neonates and infants, nonspecific symptoms caused by acute heart failure predominate, and in older children, symptoms from the central nervous system are most typical. Fast- and short-acting medications are used in the treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies; a gradual normalization of blood pressure within 36-48 hours is recommended. Hypertensive emergencies are treated with intravenous drugs (e.g., labetalol, hydralazine), and hypertensive urgencies with intravenous or oral drugs such as nifedipine, clonidine, and minoxidil. Hypertensive emergencies are treated with intravenous drugs (e.g., labetalol, hydralazine), and hypertensive urgencies with intravenous or oral drugs such as nifedipine, clonidine, and minoxidil. Emergency conditions are treated with intravenous drugs (e.g., labetalol, hydralazine), urgent conditions with intravenous or oral drugs such as nifedipine, clonidine, and minoxidil. Some causes of hypertensive crisis require different management, e.g. alpha-blockers in pheochromocytoma. In all patients, evaluation of target organ damage and extensive diagnostics for secondary forms of hypertension is necessary. SN - 1426-9686 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34464374/[Hypertensive_urgencies_and_emergencies_in_pediatric_patients]_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -