Abstract
Maintaining a residual disinfectant/oxidant (e.g., chlorine and chlorine dioxide), is a generally used strategy to control microbial contaminants and bacterial regrowth in distribution systems. Secondarily oxidant, such as hypobromous acid (HOBr), can be formed during chlorination of bromide-containing waters. The decay of oxidants and formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) due to the interaction between oxidants and selected metal oxides were studied. Selected metal oxides generally enhanced the decay of these halogen-containing oxidants via three pathways: (1) catalytic disproportionation to yield an oxidized form of halogen (i.e., halate) and reduced form (halide for chlorine and bromine or chlorite for chlorine dioxide), (2) oxygen formation, and (3) oxidation of a metal in a reduced form (e.g., cuprous oxide) to a higher oxidation state. Cupric oxide (CuO) and nickel oxide (NiO) showed significantly strong abilities for the first pathway, and oxygen formation was a side reaction. Cuprous oxide can react with oxidants via the third pathway, while goethite was not involved in these reactions. The ability of CuO on catalytic disproportionation of HOBr remained stable up to four cycles. In chlorination process, bromate formation tends to be important (exceeding 10 µg/L) when initial bromide concentration is above 400 µg/L in the presence of dissolved organic matter. Increasing initial bromide concentrations increased the formation of DBPs and calculated cytotoxicity, and the maximum was observed at pH 8.6 during chlorination process. Therefore, the possible disinfectant loss and DBP formation should be carefully considered in drinking water distribution systems.
TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of metal oxides on oxidant decay and disinfection byproduct formation in drinking waters: Relevance to distribution systems.
A1 - Liu,Chao,
Y1 - 2021/04/10/
PY - 2021/03/19/received
PY - 2021/03/19/accepted
PY - 2021/10/1/entrez
PY - 2021/10/2/pubmed
PY - 2021/10/5/medline
KW - Bromate
KW - Bromine
KW - Chlorate
KW - Chlorine dioxide
KW - Cupric oxide
KW - Disproportionation
SP - 140
EP - 149
JF - Journal of environmental sciences (China)
JO - J Environ Sci (China)
VL - 110
N2 - Maintaining a residual disinfectant/oxidant (e.g., chlorine and chlorine dioxide), is a generally used strategy to control microbial contaminants and bacterial regrowth in distribution systems. Secondarily oxidant, such as hypobromous acid (HOBr), can be formed during chlorination of bromide-containing waters. The decay of oxidants and formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) due to the interaction between oxidants and selected metal oxides were studied. Selected metal oxides generally enhanced the decay of these halogen-containing oxidants via three pathways: (1) catalytic disproportionation to yield an oxidized form of halogen (i.e., halate) and reduced form (halide for chlorine and bromine or chlorite for chlorine dioxide), (2) oxygen formation, and (3) oxidation of a metal in a reduced form (e.g., cuprous oxide) to a higher oxidation state. Cupric oxide (CuO) and nickel oxide (NiO) showed significantly strong abilities for the first pathway, and oxygen formation was a side reaction. Cuprous oxide can react with oxidants via the third pathway, while goethite was not involved in these reactions. The ability of CuO on catalytic disproportionation of HOBr remained stable up to four cycles. In chlorination process, bromate formation tends to be important (exceeding 10 µg/L) when initial bromide concentration is above 400 µg/L in the presence of dissolved organic matter. Increasing initial bromide concentrations increased the formation of DBPs and calculated cytotoxicity, and the maximum was observed at pH 8.6 during chlorination process. Therefore, the possible disinfectant loss and DBP formation should be carefully considered in drinking water distribution systems.
SN - 1001-0742
UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34593185/The_role_of_metal_oxides_on_oxidant_decay_and_disinfection_byproduct_formation_in_drinking_waters:_Relevance_to_distribution_systems_
DB - PRIME
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -
