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Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses alleviating salt stress in maize is associated with a decline in root-to-leaf gradient of Na+/K+ ratio.
BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Oct 07; 21(1):457.BP

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has the potential to alleviate salt stress in host plants through the mitigation of ionic imbalance. However, inoculation effects vary, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Two maize genotypes (JD52, salt-tolerant with large root system, and FSY1, salt-sensitive with small root system) inoculated with or without AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae were grown in pots containing soil amended with 0 or 100 mM NaCl (incrementally added 32 days after sowing, DAS) in a greenhouse. Plants were assessed 59 DAS for plant growth, tissue Na+ and K+ contents, the expression of plant transporter genes responsible for Na+ and/or K+ uptake, translocation or compartmentation, and chloroplast ultrastructure alterations.

RESULTS

Under 100 mM NaCl, AM plants of both genotypes grew better with denser root systems than non-AM plants. Relative to non-AM plants, the accumulation of Na+ and K+ was decreased in AM plant shoots but increased in AM roots with a decrease in the shoot: root Na+ ratio particularly in FSY1, accompanied by differential regulation of ion transporter genes (i.e., ZmSOS1, ZmHKT1, and ZmNHX). This induced a relatively higher Na+ efflux (recirculating) rate than K+ in AM shoots while the converse outcoming (higher Na+ influx rate than K+) in AM roots. The higher K+: Na+ ratio in AM shoots contributed to the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells.

CONCLUSION

AM symbiosis improved maize salt tolerance by accelerating Na+ shoot-to-root translocation rate and mediating Na+/K+ distribution between shoots and roots.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Wang H
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
An T
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Huang D
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Liu R
Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China.
Xu B
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Zhang S
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Deng X
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Siddique KHM
The UWA Institute of Agriculture, & School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
Chen Y
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. yinglong.chen@uwa.edu.au. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, & School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia. yinglong.chen@uwa.edu.au.

MeSH

FungiGenetic VariationGenotypeIon TransportMycorrhizaePlant RootsPlant ShootsPotassiumSalt StressSalt ToleranceSodiumSymbiosisZea mays

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

34620078

Citation

Wang, Hao, et al. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses Alleviating Salt Stress in Maize Is Associated With a Decline in Root-to-leaf Gradient of Na+/K+ Ratio." BMC Plant Biology, vol. 21, no. 1, 2021, p. 457.
Wang H, An T, Huang D, et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses alleviating salt stress in maize is associated with a decline in root-to-leaf gradient of Na+/K+ ratio. BMC Plant Biol. 2021;21(1):457.
Wang, H., An, T., Huang, D., Liu, R., Xu, B., Zhang, S., Deng, X., Siddique, K. H. M., & Chen, Y. (2021). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses alleviating salt stress in maize is associated with a decline in root-to-leaf gradient of Na+/K+ ratio. BMC Plant Biology, 21(1), 457. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03237-6
Wang H, et al. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses Alleviating Salt Stress in Maize Is Associated With a Decline in Root-to-leaf Gradient of Na+/K+ Ratio. BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Oct 7;21(1):457. PubMed PMID: 34620078.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses alleviating salt stress in maize is associated with a decline in root-to-leaf gradient of Na+/K+ ratio. AU - Wang,Hao, AU - An,Tingting, AU - Huang,Di, AU - Liu,Runjin, AU - Xu,Bingcheng, AU - Zhang,Suiqi, AU - Deng,Xiping, AU - Siddique,Kadambot H M, AU - Chen,Yinglong, Y1 - 2021/10/07/ PY - 2020/09/18/received PY - 2021/09/30/accepted PY - 2021/10/8/entrez PY - 2021/10/9/pubmed PY - 2021/12/15/medline KW - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi KW - Chloroplast KW - Ion balance KW - Maize KW - Salt tolerance SP - 457 EP - 457 JF - BMC plant biology JO - BMC Plant Biol VL - 21 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has the potential to alleviate salt stress in host plants through the mitigation of ionic imbalance. However, inoculation effects vary, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Two maize genotypes (JD52, salt-tolerant with large root system, and FSY1, salt-sensitive with small root system) inoculated with or without AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae were grown in pots containing soil amended with 0 or 100 mM NaCl (incrementally added 32 days after sowing, DAS) in a greenhouse. Plants were assessed 59 DAS for plant growth, tissue Na+ and K+ contents, the expression of plant transporter genes responsible for Na+ and/or K+ uptake, translocation or compartmentation, and chloroplast ultrastructure alterations. RESULTS: Under 100 mM NaCl, AM plants of both genotypes grew better with denser root systems than non-AM plants. Relative to non-AM plants, the accumulation of Na+ and K+ was decreased in AM plant shoots but increased in AM roots with a decrease in the shoot: root Na+ ratio particularly in FSY1, accompanied by differential regulation of ion transporter genes (i.e., ZmSOS1, ZmHKT1, and ZmNHX). This induced a relatively higher Na+ efflux (recirculating) rate than K+ in AM shoots while the converse outcoming (higher Na+ influx rate than K+) in AM roots. The higher K+: Na+ ratio in AM shoots contributed to the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells. CONCLUSION: AM symbiosis improved maize salt tolerance by accelerating Na+ shoot-to-root translocation rate and mediating Na+/K+ distribution between shoots and roots. SN - 1471-2229 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34620078/Arbuscular_mycorrhizal_symbioses_alleviating_salt_stress_in_maize_is_associated_with_a_decline_in_root_to_leaf_gradient_of_Na+/K+_ratio_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -