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Association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine with the risk of dementia in older Japanese people.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021 12; 69(12):3529-3544.JA

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Coffee, green tea, and caffeine are potential preventive factors for dementia, but the underlying evidence is insufficient. This study aimed to examine associations between the consumption of coffee, green tea, and caffeine and dementia risk in middle-aged and older people.

METHODS

This was a cohort study with an 8.0-year follow-up. Participants were community-dwelling individuals (n = 13,757) aged 40-74 years. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in 2011-2013. Predictors were the consumption of coffee/green tea, from which caffeine consumption was estimated. The outcome was incident dementia obtained from the long-term care insurance database. Covariates were demographic factors, body mass index, physical activity, energy, smoking, drinking, and disease history. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. HRs were also calculated using a Cox model with delayed entry.

RESULTS

The number of dementia cases during the study period was 309. Participants with higher coffee consumption had lower HRs (adjusted p for trend = 0.0014), with the fifth quintile (≥326 ml/day) having a significantly lower HR (0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.79) than the first quintile (<26 ml/day, reference). Similarly, participants with higher caffeine consumption had a significantly lower HR (adjusted p for trend = 0.0004) than the reference. The Cox model with delayed entry yielded similar results. These associations were significant in men, but not in women. Moreover, participants who consumed 2-2.9 cups/day and ≥3 cups/day of coffee had lower HRs (0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.98 and 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31-0.89, respectively) than those who consumed 0 cup/day. The association between green tea consumption and reduced dementia risk was significant (adjusted p for trend = 0.0146) only in the 60-69 years age subgroup.

CONCLUSIONS

High levels of coffee and caffeine consumption were significantly associated with a reduced dementia risk in a dose-dependent manner, especially in men. Moreover, coffee consumption of ≥3 cups/day was associated with a 50% reduction in dementia risk.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Matsushita N
Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan.
Nakanishi Y
Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan.
Watanabe Y
Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Kitamura K
Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Kabasawa K
Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Takahashi A
Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, Niigata, Japan.
Saito T
Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.
Kobayashi R
Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, Niigata, Japan.
Takachi R
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara, Japan.
Oshiki R
Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, Niigata, Japan.
Tsugane S
Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Iki M
Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Sasaki A
Murakami Public Health Center, Niigata, Japan.
Yamazaki O
Department of Health and Social Welfare, Niigata Prefectural Government, Niigata Prefectural Office, Niigata, Japan.
Watanabe K
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
Nakamura K
Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.

MeSH

AdultAgedBeveragesCaffeineCoffeeCohort StudiesDementiaDiet SurveysFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIndependent LivingJapanMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsSurveys and QuestionnairesTea

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

34624929

Citation

Matsushita, Nana, et al. "Association of Coffee, Green Tea, and Caffeine With the Risk of Dementia in Older Japanese People." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 69, no. 12, 2021, pp. 3529-3544.
Matsushita N, Nakanishi Y, Watanabe Y, et al. Association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine with the risk of dementia in older Japanese people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021;69(12):3529-3544.
Matsushita, N., Nakanishi, Y., Watanabe, Y., Kitamura, K., Kabasawa, K., Takahashi, A., Saito, T., Kobayashi, R., Takachi, R., Oshiki, R., Tsugane, S., Iki, M., Sasaki, A., Yamazaki, O., Watanabe, K., & Nakamura, K. (2021). Association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine with the risk of dementia in older Japanese people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(12), 3529-3544. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17407
Matsushita N, et al. Association of Coffee, Green Tea, and Caffeine With the Risk of Dementia in Older Japanese People. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021;69(12):3529-3544. PubMed PMID: 34624929.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Association of coffee, green tea, and caffeine with the risk of dementia in older Japanese people. AU - Matsushita,Nana, AU - Nakanishi,Yuta, AU - Watanabe,Yumi, AU - Kitamura,Kaori, AU - Kabasawa,Keiko, AU - Takahashi,Akemi, AU - Saito,Toshiko, AU - Kobayashi,Ryosaku, AU - Takachi,Ribeka, AU - Oshiki,Rieko, AU - Tsugane,Shoichiro, AU - Iki,Masayuki, AU - Sasaki,Ayako, AU - Yamazaki,Osamu, AU - Watanabe,Kei, AU - Nakamura,Kazutoshi, Y1 - 2021/10/08/ PY - 2021/07/07/revised PY - 2021/03/29/received PY - 2021/07/19/accepted PY - 2021/10/9/pubmed PY - 2021/12/22/medline PY - 2021/10/8/entrez KW - caffeine KW - coffee KW - cohort studies KW - dementia KW - green tea SP - 3529 EP - 3544 JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society JO - J Am Geriatr Soc VL - 69 IS - 12 N2 - OBJECTIVES: Coffee, green tea, and caffeine are potential preventive factors for dementia, but the underlying evidence is insufficient. This study aimed to examine associations between the consumption of coffee, green tea, and caffeine and dementia risk in middle-aged and older people. METHODS: This was a cohort study with an 8.0-year follow-up. Participants were community-dwelling individuals (n = 13,757) aged 40-74 years. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in 2011-2013. Predictors were the consumption of coffee/green tea, from which caffeine consumption was estimated. The outcome was incident dementia obtained from the long-term care insurance database. Covariates were demographic factors, body mass index, physical activity, energy, smoking, drinking, and disease history. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. HRs were also calculated using a Cox model with delayed entry. RESULTS: The number of dementia cases during the study period was 309. Participants with higher coffee consumption had lower HRs (adjusted p for trend = 0.0014), with the fifth quintile (≥326 ml/day) having a significantly lower HR (0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.79) than the first quintile (<26 ml/day, reference). Similarly, participants with higher caffeine consumption had a significantly lower HR (adjusted p for trend = 0.0004) than the reference. The Cox model with delayed entry yielded similar results. These associations were significant in men, but not in women. Moreover, participants who consumed 2-2.9 cups/day and ≥3 cups/day of coffee had lower HRs (0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.98 and 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31-0.89, respectively) than those who consumed 0 cup/day. The association between green tea consumption and reduced dementia risk was significant (adjusted p for trend = 0.0146) only in the 60-69 years age subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of coffee and caffeine consumption were significantly associated with a reduced dementia risk in a dose-dependent manner, especially in men. Moreover, coffee consumption of ≥3 cups/day was associated with a 50% reduction in dementia risk. SN - 1532-5415 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34624929/Association_of_coffee_green_tea_and_caffeine_with_the_risk_of_dementia_in_older_Japanese_people_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -