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Non-uniform excitation of the pectoralis major muscle during flat and inclined bench press exercises.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022 Feb; 32(2):381-390.SJ

Abstract

Non-physiological sources may lead to equivocal interpretation on the degree of muscle excitation from electromyograms (EMGs) amplitude. This presumably explains the contradictory findings regarding the effect of the bench press inclination on the pectoralis major (PM) activation pattern. To contend with these issues, herein we used high-density surface EMG to investigate whether different PM regions are excited during the flat and 45° inclined bench press exercises. Single-differential EMGs were collected from 15 regions along the PM cranio-caudal axis, while 8 volunteers performed a set of the flat and 45° inclined bench press at 50% and 70% of 1 repetition maximum. The coefficient of variation, the range of motion, and the cycle duration were calculated from the barbell vertical position to assess the within-subject consistency across cycles. The number of channels detecting the largest EMGs amplitude (active channels), their interquartile range, and their barycentre coordinate were assessed to characterize the EMG amplitude distribution within PM. No significant differences in the range of motion (p > 0.11), cycle duration (p > 0.28), number of active channels (p > 0.05), and interquartile range of active channels (p > 0.39) were observed between the two bench press inclinations. Conversely, the barycentre shifted toward the PM clavicular region (p < 0.001) when the bench press changed from flat to 45°. Our results revealed that greatest EMG amplitudes were concentrated at the PM sternocostal and clavicular heads when exercising in the flat and 45° inclined bench press, respectively. Performing the bench press exercise, with different postures, seem to demand the excitation of different PM regions.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Cabral HV
Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
de Souza LML
Laboratório de Biomecânica, Programa de Engenharia Biomédica (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
de Oliveira LF
Laboratório de Biomecânica, Programa de Engenharia Biomédica (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Laboratório de Biomecânica Muscular, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Vieira TM
Laboratorio di Ingegneria del Sistema Neuromuscolare (LISiN), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy. PolitoBIOMed Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.

MeSH

ElectromyographyExerciseHumansMuscle StrengthMuscle, SkeletalPectoralis MusclesResistance TrainingWeight Lifting

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

34644424

Citation

Cabral, Hélio V., et al. "Non-uniform Excitation of the Pectoralis Major Muscle During Flat and Inclined Bench Press Exercises." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 32, no. 2, 2022, pp. 381-390.
Cabral HV, de Souza LML, de Oliveira LF, et al. Non-uniform excitation of the pectoralis major muscle during flat and inclined bench press exercises. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022;32(2):381-390.
Cabral, H. V., de Souza, L. M. L., de Oliveira, L. F., & Vieira, T. M. (2022). Non-uniform excitation of the pectoralis major muscle during flat and inclined bench press exercises. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 32(2), 381-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14082
Cabral HV, et al. Non-uniform Excitation of the Pectoralis Major Muscle During Flat and Inclined Bench Press Exercises. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022;32(2):381-390. PubMed PMID: 34644424.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Non-uniform excitation of the pectoralis major muscle during flat and inclined bench press exercises. AU - Cabral,Hélio V, AU - de Souza,Leonardo M L, AU - de Oliveira,Liliam F, AU - Vieira,Taian M, Y1 - 2021/10/23/ PY - 2021/06/07/received PY - 2021/10/09/accepted PY - 2021/10/14/pubmed PY - 2022/1/15/medline PY - 2021/10/13/entrez KW - bench press variations KW - dynamic contractions KW - electromyography KW - high-density surface electromyography KW - resistance training SP - 381 EP - 390 JF - Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports JO - Scand J Med Sci Sports VL - 32 IS - 2 N2 - Non-physiological sources may lead to equivocal interpretation on the degree of muscle excitation from electromyograms (EMGs) amplitude. This presumably explains the contradictory findings regarding the effect of the bench press inclination on the pectoralis major (PM) activation pattern. To contend with these issues, herein we used high-density surface EMG to investigate whether different PM regions are excited during the flat and 45° inclined bench press exercises. Single-differential EMGs were collected from 15 regions along the PM cranio-caudal axis, while 8 volunteers performed a set of the flat and 45° inclined bench press at 50% and 70% of 1 repetition maximum. The coefficient of variation, the range of motion, and the cycle duration were calculated from the barbell vertical position to assess the within-subject consistency across cycles. The number of channels detecting the largest EMGs amplitude (active channels), their interquartile range, and their barycentre coordinate were assessed to characterize the EMG amplitude distribution within PM. No significant differences in the range of motion (p > 0.11), cycle duration (p > 0.28), number of active channels (p > 0.05), and interquartile range of active channels (p > 0.39) were observed between the two bench press inclinations. Conversely, the barycentre shifted toward the PM clavicular region (p < 0.001) when the bench press changed from flat to 45°. Our results revealed that greatest EMG amplitudes were concentrated at the PM sternocostal and clavicular heads when exercising in the flat and 45° inclined bench press, respectively. Performing the bench press exercise, with different postures, seem to demand the excitation of different PM regions. SN - 1600-0838 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34644424/Non_uniform_excitation_of_the_pectoralis_major_muscle_during_flat_and_inclined_bench_press_exercises_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -