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Emerging Biosensors to Detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review.
Biosensors (Basel). 2021 Nov 02; 11(11)B

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health crisis caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard test for diagnosing COVID-19. Although it is highly accurate, this lab test requires highly-trained personnel and the turn-around time is long. Rapid and inexpensive immuno-diagnostic tests (antigen or antibody test) are available, but these point of care (POC) tests are not as accurate as the RT-PCR test. Biosensors are promising alternatives to these rapid POC tests. Here we review three types of recently developed biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection: surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based, electrochemical and field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors. We explain the sensing principles and discuss the advantages and limitations of these sensors. The accuracies of these sensors need to be improved before they could be translated into POC devices for commercial use. We suggest potential biorecognition elements with highly selective target-analyte binding that could be explored to increase the true negative detection rate. To increase the true positive detection rate, we suggest two-dimensional materials and nanomaterials that could be used to modify the sensor surface to increase the sensitivity of the sensor.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Lim WY
Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
Lan BL
Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
Ramakrishnan N
Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.

MeSH

Biosensing TechniquesCOVID-19Electrochemical TechniquesHumansNanostructuresSARS-CoV-2Surface Plasmon Resonance

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

34821650

Citation

Lim, Wei Yin, et al. "Emerging Biosensors to Detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a Review." Biosensors, vol. 11, no. 11, 2021.
Lim WY, Lan BL, Ramakrishnan N. Emerging Biosensors to Detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review. Biosensors (Basel). 2021;11(11).
Lim, W. Y., Lan, B. L., & Ramakrishnan, N. (2021). Emerging Biosensors to Detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review. Biosensors, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11110434
Lim WY, Lan BL, Ramakrishnan N. Emerging Biosensors to Detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a Review. Biosensors (Basel). 2021 Nov 2;11(11) PubMed PMID: 34821650.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging Biosensors to Detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review. AU - Lim,Wei Yin, AU - Lan,Boon Leong, AU - Ramakrishnan,Narayanan, Y1 - 2021/11/02/ PY - 2021/09/06/received PY - 2021/10/09/revised PY - 2021/10/14/accepted PY - 2021/11/25/entrez PY - 2021/11/26/pubmed PY - 2021/11/30/medline KW - COVID-19 diagnosis KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - a point-of-care device KW - biosensor KW - electrochemical KW - field-effect transistor KW - surface plasmon resonance JF - Biosensors JO - Biosensors (Basel) VL - 11 IS - 11 N2 - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health crisis caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard test for diagnosing COVID-19. Although it is highly accurate, this lab test requires highly-trained personnel and the turn-around time is long. Rapid and inexpensive immuno-diagnostic tests (antigen or antibody test) are available, but these point of care (POC) tests are not as accurate as the RT-PCR test. Biosensors are promising alternatives to these rapid POC tests. Here we review three types of recently developed biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection: surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based, electrochemical and field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors. We explain the sensing principles and discuss the advantages and limitations of these sensors. The accuracies of these sensors need to be improved before they could be translated into POC devices for commercial use. We suggest potential biorecognition elements with highly selective target-analyte binding that could be explored to increase the true negative detection rate. To increase the true positive detection rate, we suggest two-dimensional materials and nanomaterials that could be used to modify the sensor surface to increase the sensitivity of the sensor. SN - 2079-6374 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/34821650/Emerging_Biosensors_to_Detect_Severe_Acute_Respiratory_Syndrome_Coronavirus_2__SARS_CoV_2_:_A_Review_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -