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SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History.
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 02 23; 10(1):e0226221.MS

Abstract

This study attempted to understand the levels of neutralizing titers and the breadth of antibody protection against wild-type and variant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Canadian blood donors during the first 3 months of 2021. During this period, it is unlikely that many of the blood donors had received a second dose, since vaccine rollout had not yet ramped up, and less than 2% of the Canadian population had received a second dose of vaccine. A repeated cross-sectional design was used. A random cross-sectional sampling of all available Canadian Blood Services retention samples (n = 1,500/month) was drawn monthly for January, February, and March 2021. A tiered testing approach analyzed 4,500 Canadian blood donor specimens for potential evidence of a signal for anti-spike (anti-S), anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD), and anti-nucleocapsid protein (anti-N). Specimens were stratified based on donor-declared vaccination history and then stratified on the presence or absence of anti-N as follows: (i) "vaccinated plus anti-N" (n = 5), (ii) "vaccinated and no anti-N" (n = 20), (iii) "unvaccinated plus anti-N" (n = 20), and (iv) "unvaccinated and no anti-N" (n = 20). Randomized specimens were then characterized for neutralizing capacity against wild-type as well as SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha [B.1.1.7], Beta [B.1.351], Gamma [P.1], and Delta [B.1.617.2]) using S-pseudotyped virus-like particle (VLP) neutralization assays. There was no neutralizing capacity against wild-type and VOC VLPs within the "no vaccine and no anti-N" group. Neutralization of Beta VLPs was less than wild-type VLPs within "vaccinated plus anti-N," "vaccinated and no anti-N", and "unvaccinated plus anti-N" groups. IMPORTANCE In the first 3 months of 2021 as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination was in the initial stages of a mass rollout, Canadian blood donors had various levels of humoral protection against wild-type and variant of concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2. Very few Canadians would have received a second dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this study, we identified elevated levels of neutralizing capacity, albeit with reduced neutralization capacity against one or more SARS-CoV-2 strains (wild type and VOCs) in vaccinated blood donors. This broad neutralizing response we present regardless of evidence of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutralizing capacity against wild type and VOCs varied significantly within the unvaccinated group, with one subset of unvaccinated plasma specimens (unvaccinated and no anti-N) having no measurable wild type- nor variant-neutralizing capacity. The study is important because it indicates that vaccination can be associated with a broad neutralizing antibody capacity of donor plasma against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Drews SJ
Department of Microbiology, Canadian Blood Servicesgrid.423370.1, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Hu Q
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Samson R
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Torontogrid.17063.33, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abe KT
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Torontogrid.17063.33, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Rathod B
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Colwill K
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Gingras AC
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Torontogrid.17063.33, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Yi QL
Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Servicesgrid.423370.1, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
O'Brien SF
Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Servicesgrid.423370.1, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBlood DonorsCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCanadaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeutralization TestsSARS-CoV-2VaccinationYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

35171006

Citation

Drews, Steven J., et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends On Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History." Microbiology Spectrum, vol. 10, no. 1, 2022, pp. e0226221.
Drews SJ, Hu Q, Samson R, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10(1):e0226221.
Drews, S. J., Hu, Q., Samson, R., Abe, K. T., Rathod, B., Colwill, K., Gingras, A. C., Yi, Q. L., & O'Brien, S. F. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History. Microbiology Spectrum, 10(1), e0226221. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02262-21
Drews SJ, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends On Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 02 23;10(1):e0226221. PubMed PMID: 35171006.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particle Neutralizing Capacity in Blood Donors Depends on Serological Profile and Donor-Declared SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination History. AU - Drews,Steven J, AU - Hu,Queenie, AU - Samson,Reuben, AU - Abe,Kento T, AU - Rathod,Bhavisha, AU - Colwill,Karen, AU - Gingras,Anne-Claude, AU - Yi,Qi-Long, AU - O'Brien,Sheila F, Y1 - 2022/02/16/ PY - 2022/2/17/pubmed PY - 2022/3/5/medline PY - 2022/2/16/entrez KW - SARS-CoV-2 antibody KW - neutralizing antibodies KW - nucleocapsid KW - receptor-binding domain KW - spike KW - variants of concern KW - virus-like particles SP - e0226221 EP - e0226221 JF - Microbiology spectrum JO - Microbiol Spectr VL - 10 IS - 1 N2 - This study attempted to understand the levels of neutralizing titers and the breadth of antibody protection against wild-type and variant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Canadian blood donors during the first 3 months of 2021. During this period, it is unlikely that many of the blood donors had received a second dose, since vaccine rollout had not yet ramped up, and less than 2% of the Canadian population had received a second dose of vaccine. A repeated cross-sectional design was used. A random cross-sectional sampling of all available Canadian Blood Services retention samples (n = 1,500/month) was drawn monthly for January, February, and March 2021. A tiered testing approach analyzed 4,500 Canadian blood donor specimens for potential evidence of a signal for anti-spike (anti-S), anti-receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD), and anti-nucleocapsid protein (anti-N). Specimens were stratified based on donor-declared vaccination history and then stratified on the presence or absence of anti-N as follows: (i) "vaccinated plus anti-N" (n = 5), (ii) "vaccinated and no anti-N" (n = 20), (iii) "unvaccinated plus anti-N" (n = 20), and (iv) "unvaccinated and no anti-N" (n = 20). Randomized specimens were then characterized for neutralizing capacity against wild-type as well as SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha [B.1.1.7], Beta [B.1.351], Gamma [P.1], and Delta [B.1.617.2]) using S-pseudotyped virus-like particle (VLP) neutralization assays. There was no neutralizing capacity against wild-type and VOC VLPs within the "no vaccine and no anti-N" group. Neutralization of Beta VLPs was less than wild-type VLPs within "vaccinated plus anti-N," "vaccinated and no anti-N", and "unvaccinated plus anti-N" groups. IMPORTANCE In the first 3 months of 2021 as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination was in the initial stages of a mass rollout, Canadian blood donors had various levels of humoral protection against wild-type and variant of concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2. Very few Canadians would have received a second dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this study, we identified elevated levels of neutralizing capacity, albeit with reduced neutralization capacity against one or more SARS-CoV-2 strains (wild type and VOCs) in vaccinated blood donors. This broad neutralizing response we present regardless of evidence of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutralizing capacity against wild type and VOCs varied significantly within the unvaccinated group, with one subset of unvaccinated plasma specimens (unvaccinated and no anti-N) having no measurable wild type- nor variant-neutralizing capacity. The study is important because it indicates that vaccination can be associated with a broad neutralizing antibody capacity of donor plasma against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. SN - 2165-0497 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/35171006/SARS_CoV_2_Virus_Like_Particle_Neutralizing_Capacity_in_Blood_Donors_Depends_on_Serological_Profile_and_Donor_Declared_SARS_CoV_2_Vaccination_History_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -