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Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals.
Viruses. 2022 02 10; 14(2)V

Abstract

Understanding the magnitude of responses to vaccination during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is essential for ultimate mitigation of the disease. Here, we describe a cohort of 102 subjects (70 COVID-19-naïve, 32 COVID-19-experienced) who received two doses of one of the mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna)). We document that a single exposure to antigen via infection or vaccination induces a variable antibody response which is affected by age, gender, race, and co-morbidities. In response to a second antigen dose, both COVID-19-naïve and experienced subjects exhibited elevated levels of anti-spike and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity; however, COVID-19-experienced individuals achieved higher antibody levels and neutralization activity as a group. The COVID-19-experienced subjects exhibited no significant increase in antibody or neutralization titer in response to the second vaccine dose (i.e., third antigen exposure). Finally, we found that COVID-19-naïve individuals who received the Moderna vaccine exhibited a more robust boost response to the second vaccine dose (p = 0.004) as compared to the response to Pfizer-BioNTech. Ongoing studies with this cohort will continue to contribute to our understanding of the range and durability of responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Uprichard SL
Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
O'Brien A
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Evdokimova M
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Rowe CL
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Joyce C
Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Hackbart M
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Cruz-Pulido YE
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Cohen CA
Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA.
Rock ML
Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA.
Dye JM
Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Kuehnert P
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Ricks KM
Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Casper M
Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Linhart L
Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Anderson K
Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Kirk L
Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Maggiore JA
Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Herbert AS
Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Clark NM
Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Reid GE
Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Baker SC
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.

MeSH

2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273AdultAntibodies, ViralAntibody FormationBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19Cohort StudiesFemaleHumansImmunogenicity, VaccineImmunoglobulin GMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2Vaccination

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

35215962

Citation

Uprichard, Susan L., et al. "Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals." Viruses, vol. 14, no. 2, 2022.
Uprichard SL, O'Brien A, Evdokimova M, et al. Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals. Viruses. 2022;14(2).
Uprichard, S. L., O'Brien, A., Evdokimova, M., Rowe, C. L., Joyce, C., Hackbart, M., Cruz-Pulido, Y. E., Cohen, C. A., Rock, M. L., Dye, J. M., Kuehnert, P., Ricks, K. M., Casper, M., Linhart, L., Anderson, K., Kirk, L., Maggiore, J. A., Herbert, A. S., Clark, N. M., ... Baker, S. C. (2022). Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals. Viruses, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020370
Uprichard SL, et al. Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals. Viruses. 2022 02 10;14(2) PubMed PMID: 35215962.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals. AU - Uprichard,Susan L, AU - O'Brien,Amornrat, AU - Evdokimova,Monika, AU - Rowe,Cynthia L, AU - Joyce,Cara, AU - Hackbart,Matthew, AU - Cruz-Pulido,Yazmin E, AU - Cohen,Courtney A, AU - Rock,Michelle L, AU - Dye,John M, AU - Kuehnert,Paul, AU - Ricks,Keersten M, AU - Casper,Marybeth, AU - Linhart,Lori, AU - Anderson,Katrina, AU - Kirk,Laura, AU - Maggiore,Jack A, AU - Herbert,Andrew S, AU - Clark,Nina M, AU - Reid,Gail E, AU - Baker,Susan C, Y1 - 2022/02/10/ PY - 2022/01/07/received PY - 2022/02/01/revised PY - 2022/02/04/accepted PY - 2022/2/26/entrez PY - 2022/2/27/pubmed PY - 2022/3/11/medline KW - BNT162B2 KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - antibodies KW - mRNA-1273 KW - vaccine response JF - Viruses JO - Viruses VL - 14 IS - 2 N2 - Understanding the magnitude of responses to vaccination during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is essential for ultimate mitigation of the disease. Here, we describe a cohort of 102 subjects (70 COVID-19-naïve, 32 COVID-19-experienced) who received two doses of one of the mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna)). We document that a single exposure to antigen via infection or vaccination induces a variable antibody response which is affected by age, gender, race, and co-morbidities. In response to a second antigen dose, both COVID-19-naïve and experienced subjects exhibited elevated levels of anti-spike and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity; however, COVID-19-experienced individuals achieved higher antibody levels and neutralization activity as a group. The COVID-19-experienced subjects exhibited no significant increase in antibody or neutralization titer in response to the second vaccine dose (i.e., third antigen exposure). Finally, we found that COVID-19-naïve individuals who received the Moderna vaccine exhibited a more robust boost response to the second vaccine dose (p = 0.004) as compared to the response to Pfizer-BioNTech. Ongoing studies with this cohort will continue to contribute to our understanding of the range and durability of responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. SN - 1999-4915 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/35215962/Antibody_Response_to_SARS_CoV_2_Infection_and_Vaccination_in_COVID_19_naïve_and_Experienced_Individuals_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -