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Effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Complement Ther Med. 2022 Nov; 70:102852.CT

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are characterized by increased blood sugar concentration and insulin resistance. Although there are only a few reports of potential benefits of flaxseed's consumption on different metabolic parameters, there is no evidence of its effect among people with these conditions.

OBJECTIVES

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of flaxseed supplementation on glycemic control variables and insulin resistance in prediabetes and T2DM.

METHODS

A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science, to identify Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of milled or ground flaxseed supplementation on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin concentrations, or HOMA-IR. The data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 3.3 in a fixed-effect model.

RESULTS

Seven studies were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis, the results showed a significant reduction on fasting blood sugar (SMD: -0.392, 95% CI: -0.596, -0.187, p = <0.001, I2 = 64.81%) insulin concentrations, (SMD: -0.287, 95% CI: -0.534, -0.041, p = 0.022, I2 = 32.53%), HbA1c (SMD: -0.442, 95% CI: -0.770, -0.114, p = 0.008, I2 = 11.058%), and HOMA-IR (SMD: -0.284, 95% CI: -0.530, -0.038, p = 0.024, I2 = 0.00%) after flaxseed supplementation.

CONCLUSIONS

Flaxseed supplementation seems to improve glycemic control variables and insulin resistance in prediabetes and T2DM; however, more RCTs are needed to have more decisive evidence about doses, method of supplementation, and the possible effect of synergy with the dietetic treatment.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Villarreal-Renteria AI
Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences (IICB), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico. Electronic address: andrea.villarreal@live.com.mx.
Herrera-Echauri DD
Department of Public Health, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS) University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: dulce.echauri@hotmail.com.
Rodríguez-Rocha NP
Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico; Department of Public Health, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS) University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: norma.rodriguez@academicos.udg.mx.
Zuñiga LY
Department of Health and Disease, University Center of Tonala (CUT), University of Guadalajara, 555 Nuevo Periferico, ZC 45425 Tonala, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: lauray.zuniga@academicos.udg.mx.
Muñoz-Valle JF
Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences (IICB), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico. Electronic address: drjosefranciscomv@cucs.udg.mx.
García-Arellano S
Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences (IICB), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: samuel.garcia4566@academicos.udg.mx.
Bernal-Orozco MF
Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico. Electronic address: fernanda.bernal@academicos.udg.mx.
Macedo-Ojeda G
Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences (IICB), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico; Department of Public Health, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS) University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: gabriela.macedo@cucs.udg.mx.

MeSH

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dietary SupplementsFlaxGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansInsulinInsulin ResistancePrediabetic StateRandomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Review
Systematic Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

35843472

Citation

Villarreal-Renteria, Andrea Isabel, et al. "Effect of Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum) Supplementation On Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Complementary Therapies in Medicine, vol. 70, 2022, p. 102852.
Villarreal-Renteria AI, Herrera-Echauri DD, Rodríguez-Rocha NP, et al. Effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2022;70:102852.
Villarreal-Renteria, A. I., Herrera-Echauri, D. D., Rodríguez-Rocha, N. P., Zuñiga, L. Y., Muñoz-Valle, J. F., García-Arellano, S., Bernal-Orozco, M. F., & Macedo-Ojeda, G. (2022). Effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 70, 102852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102852
Villarreal-Renteria AI, et al. Effect of Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum) Supplementation On Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Complement Ther Med. 2022;70:102852. PubMed PMID: 35843472.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. AU - Villarreal-Renteria,Andrea Isabel, AU - Herrera-Echauri,Dulce Daniela, AU - Rodríguez-Rocha,Norma Patricia, AU - Zuñiga,Laura Yareni, AU - Muñoz-Valle,José Francisco, AU - García-Arellano,Samuel, AU - Bernal-Orozco,María Fernanda, AU - Macedo-Ojeda,Gabriela, Y1 - 2022/07/14/ PY - 2022/03/30/received PY - 2022/07/09/revised PY - 2022/07/11/accepted PY - 2022/7/18/pubmed PY - 2022/8/31/medline PY - 2022/7/17/entrez KW - Blood glucose KW - Flax KW - Flaxseed KW - Glycemic control KW - HbA1c KW - Insulin resistance KW - Linseed KW - Linum usitatissimum KW - Prediabetes KW - Type 2 diabetes mellitus SP - 102852 EP - 102852 JF - Complementary therapies in medicine JO - Complement Ther Med VL - 70 N2 - BACKGROUND: Prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are characterized by increased blood sugar concentration and insulin resistance. Although there are only a few reports of potential benefits of flaxseed's consumption on different metabolic parameters, there is no evidence of its effect among people with these conditions. OBJECTIVES: The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of flaxseed supplementation on glycemic control variables and insulin resistance in prediabetes and T2DM. METHODS: A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science, to identify Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of milled or ground flaxseed supplementation on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin concentrations, or HOMA-IR. The data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 3.3 in a fixed-effect model. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis, the results showed a significant reduction on fasting blood sugar (SMD: -0.392, 95% CI: -0.596, -0.187, p = <0.001, I2 = 64.81%) insulin concentrations, (SMD: -0.287, 95% CI: -0.534, -0.041, p = 0.022, I2 = 32.53%), HbA1c (SMD: -0.442, 95% CI: -0.770, -0.114, p = 0.008, I2 = 11.058%), and HOMA-IR (SMD: -0.284, 95% CI: -0.530, -0.038, p = 0.024, I2 = 0.00%) after flaxseed supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Flaxseed supplementation seems to improve glycemic control variables and insulin resistance in prediabetes and T2DM; however, more RCTs are needed to have more decisive evidence about doses, method of supplementation, and the possible effect of synergy with the dietetic treatment. SN - 1873-6963 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/35843472/Effect_of_flaxseed__Linum_usitatissimum__supplementation_on_glycemic_control_and_insulin_resistance_in_prediabetes_and_type_2_diabetes:_A_systematic_review_and_meta_analysis_of_randomized_controlled_trials_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -
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