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The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Science. 2022 08 26; 377(6609):951-959.Sci

Abstract

Understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 is critical to preventing future zoonotic outbreaks before they become the next pandemic. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China, was identified as a likely source of cases in early reports, but later this conclusion became controversial. We show here that the earliest known COVID-19 cases from December 2019, including those without reported direct links, were geographically centered on this market. We report that live SARS-CoV-2-susceptible mammals were sold at the market in late 2019 and that within the market, SARS-CoV-2-positive environmental samples were spatially associated with vendors selling live mammals. Although there is insufficient evidence to define upstream events, and exact circumstances remain obscure, our analyses indicate that the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 occurred through the live wildlife trade in China and show that the Huanan market was the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Worobey M
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Levy JI
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Malpica Serrano L
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Crits-Christoph A
W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Pekar JE
Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Goldstein SA
Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Rasmussen AL
Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Kraemer MUG
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK.
Newman C
Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13 5QL, UK.
Koopmans MPG
Pandemic and Disaster Preparedness Centre, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands. Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Suchard MA
Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Wertheim JO
Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Lemey P
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Robertson DL
MRC-University of Glasgow Center for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
Garry RF
Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Tulane University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Zalgen Labs, Frederick, MD 21703, USA.
Holmes EC
Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Rambaut A
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.
Andersen KG
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

MeSH

AnimalsCOVID-19ChinaHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2SeafoodViral Zoonoses

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

35881010

Citation

Worobey, Michael, et al. "The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan Was the Early Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 377, no. 6609, 2022, pp. 951-959.
Worobey M, Levy JI, Malpica Serrano L, et al. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Science. 2022;377(6609):951-959.
Worobey, M., Levy, J. I., Malpica Serrano, L., Crits-Christoph, A., Pekar, J. E., Goldstein, S. A., Rasmussen, A. L., Kraemer, M. U. G., Newman, C., Koopmans, M. P. G., Suchard, M. A., Wertheim, J. O., Lemey, P., Robertson, D. L., Garry, R. F., Holmes, E. C., Rambaut, A., & Andersen, K. G. (2022). The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Science (New York, N.Y.), 377(6609), 951-959. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abp8715
Worobey M, et al. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan Was the Early Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Science. 2022 08 26;377(6609):951-959. PubMed PMID: 35881010.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. AU - Worobey,Michael, AU - Levy,Joshua I, AU - Malpica Serrano,Lorena, AU - Crits-Christoph,Alexander, AU - Pekar,Jonathan E, AU - Goldstein,Stephen A, AU - Rasmussen,Angela L, AU - Kraemer,Moritz U G, AU - Newman,Chris, AU - Koopmans,Marion P G, AU - Suchard,Marc A, AU - Wertheim,Joel O, AU - Lemey,Philippe, AU - Robertson,David L, AU - Garry,Robert F, AU - Holmes,Edward C, AU - Rambaut,Andrew, AU - Andersen,Kristian G, Y1 - 2022/07/26/ PY - 2022/7/27/pubmed PY - 2022/8/30/medline PY - 2022/7/26/entrez SP - 951 EP - 959 JF - Science (New York, N.Y.) JO - Science VL - 377 IS - 6609 N2 - Understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 is critical to preventing future zoonotic outbreaks before they become the next pandemic. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China, was identified as a likely source of cases in early reports, but later this conclusion became controversial. We show here that the earliest known COVID-19 cases from December 2019, including those without reported direct links, were geographically centered on this market. We report that live SARS-CoV-2-susceptible mammals were sold at the market in late 2019 and that within the market, SARS-CoV-2-positive environmental samples were spatially associated with vendors selling live mammals. Although there is insufficient evidence to define upstream events, and exact circumstances remain obscure, our analyses indicate that the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 occurred through the live wildlife trade in China and show that the Huanan market was the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. SN - 1095-9203 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/35881010/The_Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market_in_Wuhan_was_the_early_epicenter_of_the_COVID_19_pandemic_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -